TABLE 2.2.1
Real GDP in the developed market economies, 1996-1999
(Percentage change over previous year)
| |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 a |
| Western Europe |
2.0 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
1.9 |
| 4 major countries |
1.5 |
2.3 |
2.4 |
1.5 |
| France |
1.6 |
2.3 |
3.1 |
2.2 |
| Germany |
1.3 |
2.2 |
2.8 |
1.5 |
| Italy |
0.9 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.8 |
| United Kingdom |
2.6 |
3.5 |
2.3 |
0.5 |
| 17 smaller countries |
3.1 |
3.9 |
3.3 |
2.5 |
| Austria |
2.0 |
2.5 |
3.3 |
2.1 |
| Belgium |
1.3 |
3.0 |
2.8 |
2.0 |
| Cyprus |
2.0 |
2.5 |
5.0 |
4.0 |
| Denmark |
3.3 |
3.1 |
2.4 |
1.6 |
| Finland |
4.1 |
5.6 |
4.9 |
3.0 |
| Greece |
2.4 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
| Iceland |
5.5 |
5.0 |
5.6 |
4.3 |
| Ireland |
7.4 |
9.8 |
8.5 |
6.3 |
| Israel |
4.7 |
2.7 |
2.0 |
1.7 |
| Luxembourg |
3.0 |
4.8 |
4.7 |
3.4 |
| Malta |
3.8 |
4.4 |
7.6 |
7.5 |
| Netherlands |
3.1 |
3.6 |
3.7 |
2.3 |
| Norway |
5.5 |
3.4 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
| Portugal |
3.2 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
3.0 |
| Spain |
2.4 |
3.5 |
3.8 |
3.4 |
| Sweden |
1.3 |
1.8 |
2.9 |
2.0 |
| Switzerland |
- |
1.7 |
2.1 |
1.5 |
| Turkey |
7.0 |
7.5 |
2.4 |
1.8 |
| North America |
3.3 |
3.9 |
3.8 |
3.0 |
| Canada |
1.2 |
3.8 |
3.0 |
2.7 |
| United States |
3.4 |
3.9 |
3.9 |
3.0 |
| Total above |
2.7 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
2.4 |
| Japan |
5.0 |
1.4 |
-2.9 |
-0.5 |
| Total above, including Japan |
3.0 |
3.1 |
2.3 |
2.0 |
| Memorandum items: |
|
|
|
|
| European Union |
1.8 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
1.9 |
| Euro area |
1.6 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
2.1 |
Source: National statistics and national economic reports.
Note: All aggregates exclude Israel. Growth rates of regional
aggregates have been calculated as weighted averages of growth rates in individual
countries. Weights were derived from 1991 GDP data converted from national currency units
into dollars using purchasing power parities.
a Forecasts.
TABLE 2.2.2
Major components of demand in the ECE market economies, 1997-1998
(Percentage change over preceding year)
| |
Private consumption |
Government consumption |
Gross fixed investment |
Stock building a |
Total domestic demand |
Exports |
Imports |
Net exports a |
| |
1997 |
1998 |
1997 |
1998 |
1997 |
1998 |
1997 |
1998 |
1997 |
1998 |
1997 |
1998 |
1997 |
1998 |
1997 |
1998 |
| Western Europe |
2.3 |
2.7 |
0.3 |
1.3 |
3.4 |
4.7 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
2.6 |
3.4 |
10.2 |
4.8 |
9.7 |
7.4 |
0.2 |
-0.7 |
| 4 major countries |
1.8 |
2.4 |
-0.1 |
1.2 |
1.6 |
4.1 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
2.0 |
3.3 |
9.5 |
3.9 |
8.8 |
7.1 |
0.3 |
-0.9 |
| France |
0.9 |
3.4 |
1.2 |
1.5 |
0.1 |
4.6 |
0.1 |
0.6 |
0.9 |
3.8 |
12.6 |
5.7 |
8.1 |
8.2 |
1.4 |
-0.7 |
| Germany |
0.5 |
1.9 |
-0.7 |
0.6 |
0.1 |
1.6 |
1.2 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
3.1 |
11.1 |
5.4 |
8.1 |
6.6 |
0.8 |
-0.3 |
| Italy |
2.6 |
1.9 |
-0.8 |
1.4 |
0.8 |
3.5 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
2.4 |
2.6 |
5.0 |
1.3 |
9.9 |
6.1 |
-0.9 |
-1.1 |
| United Kingdom |
3.9 |
2.6 |
- |
1.5 |
6.6 |
8.0 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
3.8 |
3.5 |
8.7 |
2.7 |
9.5 |
7.8 |
-0.3 |
-1.7 |
| 17 smaller countries |
3.4 |
3.2 |
1.1 |
1.5 |
6.9 |
5.8 |
- |
0.3 |
3.9 |
3.8 |
11.5 |
6.5 |
11.4 |
7.8 |
0.1 |
-0.5 |
| Austria |
0.7 |
1.8 |
-3.9 |
1.5 |
2.8 |
4.8 |
1.4 |
0.3 |
1.8 |
2.8 |
10.1 |
7.5 |
8.7 |
6.8 |
0.7 |
0.4 |
| Belgium |
2.1 |
2.8 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
5.4 |
4.8 |
-0.3 |
0.1 |
2.2 |
3.0 |
7.1 |
5.1 |
6.3 |
5.5 |
0.9 |
-0.1 |
| Cyprus |
2.4 |
7.0 |
3.4 |
7.7 |
-8.4 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
0.7 |
5.6 |
2.1 |
-2.0 |
1.3 |
3.6 |
0.3 |
-3.0 |
| Denmark |
3.6 |
3.4 |
1.1 |
2.2 |
10.6 |
5.0 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
4.5 |
3.8 |
5.5 |
1.2 |
9.8 |
4.8 |
-1.3 |
-1.3 |
| Finland |
2.2 |
5.1 |
2.9 |
0.4 |
14.2 |
8.2 |
0.7 |
- |
5.4 |
4.6 |
14.2 |
6.6 |
11.4 |
8.1 |
2.0 |
0.2 |
| Greece |
2.5 |
1.9 |
-0.4 |
0.8 |
9.6 |
8.0 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
3.5 |
3.0 |
5.3 |
5.5 |
5.4 |
4.5 |
-0.8 |
-0.4 |
| Iceland |
6.0 |
10.3 |
1.5 |
3.0 |
11.2 |
28.2 |
-0.2 |
0.2 |
5.8 |
12.4 |
5.6 |
5.7 |
8.0 |
25.0 |
-0.6 |
-6.6 |
| Ireland |
6.3 |
8.3 |
4.8 |
3.0 |
10.9 |
13.0 |
0.4 |
-0.6 |
7.3 |
7.6 |
16.9 |
19.5 |
15.6 |
21.3 |
3.7 |
2.2 |
| Israel |
4.1 |
3.3 |
1.9 |
2.3 |
-2.3 |
-3.3 |
-0.9 |
-1.0 |
1.4 |
0.9 |
7.6 |
6.0 |
2.8 |
2.1 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
| Luxembourg |
2.5 |
2.6 |
1.7 |
2.8 |
14.1 |
6.5 |
-0.7 |
- |
4.7 |
3.7 |
6.0 |
7.5 |
6.1 |
7.0 |
0.8 |
1.5 |
| Malta |
2.4 |
2.9 |
-1.2 |
-4.6 |
-7.6 |
-4.1 |
2.1 |
5.3 |
1.6 |
5.6 |
2.0 |
5.2 |
-2.4 |
1.6 |
2.8 |
2.3 |
| Netherlands |
3.0 |
4.4 |
1.5 |
2.5 |
6.8 |
3.9 |
- |
- |
3.6 |
4.0 |
6.7 |
5.9 |
7.1 |
6.8 |
0.3 |
- |
| Norway |
3.4 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
2.8 |
12.6 |
6.6 |
0.2 |
0.6 |
5.6 |
4.5 |
5.8 |
0.5 |
12.3 |
6.9 |
-1.8 |
-2.3 |
| Portugal |
3.0 |
3.6 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
11.3 |
7.8 |
0.2 |
- |
5.2 |
4.5 |
8.4 |
10.5 |
10.4 |
10.0 |
-2.1 |
-1.2 |
| Spain |
3.1 |
3.5 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
5.1 |
8.8 |
-0.3 |
0.1 |
2.9 |
4.4 |
14.8 |
10.1 |
12.2 |
11.5 |
0.5 |
-0.7 |
| Sweden |
2.0 |
2.7 |
-2.1 |
2.0 |
-4.8 |
10.5 |
0.7 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
4.1 |
12.8 |
5.1 |
11.7 |
8.9 |
1.4 |
-0.9 |
| Switzerland |
1.7 |
1.8 |
-0.7 |
0.6 |
1.5 |
3.8 |
- |
1.7 |
1.3 |
3.8 |
9.1 |
4.1 |
7.9 |
8.7 |
0.5 |
-1.7 |
| Turkey |
8.4 |
2.1 |
4.1 |
0.5 |
14.8 |
-2.0 |
-0.9 |
1.0 |
9.0 |
1.7 |
19.1 |
3.3 |
22.4 |
1.8 |
-1.9 |
0.3 |
| North America |
3.4 |
4.7 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
7.5 |
9.3 |
0.5 |
-0.1 |
4.3 |
4.8 |
12.4 |
2.1 |
13.8 |
10.3 |
-0.4 |
-1.2 |
| Canada |
4.1 |
2.7 |
-0.8 |
0.7 |
11.1 |
4.2 |
0.8 |
-0.4 |
5.2 |
2.2 |
8.0 |
8.1 |
13.3 |
6.4 |
-1.5 |
0.7 |
| United States |
3.4 |
4.8 |
1.3 |
1.1 |
7.1 |
9.7 |
0.5 |
-0.1 |
4.2 |
5.1 |
12.8 |
1.5 |
13.9 |
10.6 |
-0.4 |
-1.4 |
| Total above |
2.9 |
3.7 |
0.7 |
1.2 |
5.4 |
7.0 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
3.5 |
4.1 |
11.3 |
3.4 |
11.8 |
8.8 |
-0.1 |
-1.0 |
| Japan |
1.0 |
-1.1 |
1.5 |
0.6 |
-1.9 |
-9.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
0.1 |
-3.6 |
11.6 |
-2.3 |
0.5 |
-7.7 |
1.4 |
0.6 |
| Total above, including Japan |
2.6 |
2.9 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
4.3 |
4.5 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
11.3 |
2.5 |
10.0 |
6.2 |
0.1 |
-0.7 |
| Memorandum item: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| European Union |
2.0 |
2.7 |
0.1 |
1.3 |
2.8 |
5.0 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
2.3 |
3.5 |
9.9 |
5.0 |
9.1 |
7.6 |
0.4 |
-0.7 |
| Euro area |
1.7 |
2.7 |
0.2 |
1.3 |
2.0 |
4.2 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
2.0 |
3.4 |
10.2 |
5.5 |
9.0 |
7.6 |
0.5 |
-0.5 |
Source: OECD national accounts and national statistics.
Note: All aggregates exclude Israel.
a Percentage point contribution to annual GDP growth.
TABLE 3.1.1
Basic economic indicators for the ECE transition economies, 1996-1999
(Rates of change and shares, per cent)
| |
GDP (growth rates) |
Industrial
output (growth rates) |
Inflation
(per cent change, Dec./Dec.) |
Unemployment
rate (end of period, per cent) |
| |
|
|
1998 |
|
| |
1996 |
1997 |
Ex-ante official forecast |
Actual outcome |
1999 official forecast |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
| Eastern Europe |
4.1 |
2.8 |
4.3 |
2 |
2.9 |
6.0 |
5.6 |
1.4 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
11.7 |
11.9 |
12.6 |
| Albania |
9.1 |
-7.0 |
10 |
8* |
8 |
13.6 |
-5.6 |
10* |
17.4 |
42.0 |
7.8 |
12.3 |
14.9 |
17.6 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina a |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
87.6 |
35.7 |
23.8 |
3.2 |
12.2 |
2.2 |
.. |
39* |
.. |
| Bulgaria |
-10.1 |
-6.9 |
3.0 |
3* |
3.7 |
3.8b |
-10.2 |
-9.4 |
311.1 |
578.7 |
0.9 |
12.5 |
13.7 |
12.2 |
| Croatia |
6.0 |
6.5 |
7.5 |
3* |
1.5-2 |
3.1 |
6.8 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
4.0 |
5.6 |
15.9 |
17.6 |
18.6 |
| Czech Republic |
3.9 |
1.0 |
1.4-2.6 |
-2.7 |
-0.8 |
2.0 |
4.5 |
1.6 |
8.7 |
9.9 |
6.7 |
3.5 |
5.2 |
7.5 |
| Hungary |
1.3 |
4.6 |
4.0 |
5 |
5 |
3.4 |
11.1 |
12.6 |
20.0 |
18.4 |
10.4 |
10.5 |
10.4 |
9.1 |
| Poland |
6.0 |
6.9 |
5.6-5.8 |
4.8 |
4.5 |
8.3 |
11.5 |
4.7 |
18.7 |
13.2 |
8.5 |
13.2 |
10.3 |
10.4 |
| Romania |
3.9 |
-6.9 |
- |
-7.3 |
-2 |
6.3 |
-7.2 |
-17.0 |
56.8 |
151.7 |
40.7 |
6.6 |
8.8 |
10.3 |
| Slovakia |
6.6 |
6.5 |
5.0 |
4.4 |
3 |
2.5 |
1.7 |
4.6 |
5.5 |
6.5 |
5.5 |
12.8 |
12.5 |
15.6 |
| Slovenia |
3.5 |
4.6 |
3.5-4 |
4 |
4 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
3.7 |
9.0 |
8.8 |
6.6 |
14.4 |
14.8 |
14.6 |
| The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia |
0.8 |
1.5 |
5.0 |
2.9 |
6 |
3.2 |
1.6 |
4.5 |
0.3 |
4.5 |
-1.0 |
39.8 |
42.5 |
.. |
| Yugoslavia c |
5.9 |
7.4 |
10.0 |
2.6 |
7 |
7.5 |
9.5 |
3.6 |
59.9 |
10.3 |
45.7 |
26.1 |
25.6 |
27.2 |
| Baltic states |
4.1 |
7.6 |
6.3 |
41/4 |
4.5 |
4.6 |
9.4 |
3.6 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
6.4 |
6.3 |
7.4 |
| Estonia |
4.0 |
11.4 |
5.5-6 |
4.2 |
4 |
2.9 |
13.4 |
0.8 |
15.0 |
12.3 |
6.8 |
5.6 |
4.6 |
5.1 |
| Latvia |
3.3 |
6.5 |
5-6 |
4* |
4 |
5.5 |
13.8 |
2.0 |
13.2 |
7.0 |
2.8 |
7.2 |
6.7 |
9.2 |
| Lithuania |
4.7 |
6.1 |
7.0 |
4.5 |
5 |
5.0 |
3.3 |
7.0 |
13.1 |
8.5 |
2.4 |
6.2 |
6.7 |
6.9 |
| CIS |
-3.4 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
-23/4 |
-1.1 |
-3.0 |
2.6 |
-2.3 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
6.6 |
7.6 |
8.5 |
| Armenia |
5.9 |
3.1 |
5-6 |
7.2 |
4 |
1.4 |
0.9 |
-2.5 |
5.6 |
21.8 |
-1.2 |
9.7 |
11.0 |
8.9 |
| Azerbaijan |
1.3 |
5.8 |
.. |
10.0 |
9 |
-6.7 |
0.3 |
2.2 |
6.8 |
0.3 |
-7.6 |
1.1 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
| Belarus |
2.8 |
11.4 |
7-8 |
8.3 |
4-6 |
3.5 |
18.8 |
11.0 |
39.1 |
63.4 |
181.6 |
4.0 |
2.8 |
2.3 |
| Georgia |
11.0 |
11.3 |
11-13 |
2.9 |
8 |
6.8 |
8.2 |
-2.7 |
13.6 |
7.3 |
11.0 |
3.2 |
8.0 |
4.2 |
| Kazakhstan |
0.5 |
1.7 |
3.5 |
-2.5 |
1.5 |
0.3 |
4.0 |
-2.1 |
28.6 |
11.3 |
1.9 |
4.1 |
3.9 |
3.7 |
| Kyrgyzstan |
7.1 |
9.9 |
3.6 |
1.8 |
2.8 |
8.8 |
50.4 |
4.6 |
35.0 |
14.7 |
18.3 |
4.5 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
| Republic of Moldova d |
-7.8 |
1.6 |
3-3.5 |
-8.6 |
-3 |
-6.5 |
- |
-11.0 |
15.1 |
11.1 |
18.3 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
1.9 |
| Russian Federation |
-3.5 |
0.8 |
0-0.5 |
-4.6 |
-2.5 |
-4.0 |
2.0 |
-5.2 |
21.8 |
11.0 |
84.5 |
10.0 |
11.2 |
12.4 |
| Tajikistan |
-16.7 |
1.7 |
.. |
5.3 |
.. |
-23.9 |
-2.0 |
8.1 |
40.6 |
159.9 |
2.7 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
| Turkmenistan |
6.7 |
-11.4 |
.. |
5.0 |
.. |
19.7 |
-32.3 |
0.2 |
445.8 |
21.5 |
19.8 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
| Ukraine |
-10.0 |
-3.2 |
0.5 |
-1.7 |
-1 |
-5.1 |
-0.3 |
-1.5 |
39.7 |
10.1 |
20.0 |
1.5 |
2.8 |
4.3 |
| Uzbekistan |
1.7 |
5.2 |
6.0 |
4.4 |
4.4 |
2.6 |
4.1 |
5.8 |
80.0 |
27.5 |
.. |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
| Total above |
-0.4 |
2.0 |
2.6 |
-1/2 |
0.7 |
0.1 |
3.8 |
-0.9 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
8.1 |
8.8 |
9.6 |
| Memorandum items: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CETE-5 |
5.0 |
5.5 |
4.7 |
3.6 |
3.6 |
6.1 |
9.4 |
5.0 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
11.2 |
9.8 |
10.2 |
| SETE-7 |
2.1 |
-3.1 |
3.3 |
-1.9 |
1.3 |
5.7 |
-3.9 |
-9.2 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
12.5 |
14.3 |
15.4 |
| Former GDR |
3.2 |
1.7 |
.. |
2.0 |
.. |
3.3 |
5.8 |
7.5 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
17.0 |
20.8 |
18.6 |
Source: National statistics; CIS Statistical Committee; direct
communications from national statistical offices to UN/ECE secretariat (IMF and World Bank
data for Albania).
Note: Aggregates are UN/ECE secretariat calculations, based on previous
period weights at 1992 prices. Output measures are in real terms (constant prices).
Forecasts are those of national conjunctural institutes or government forecasts associated
with the central budget formulation. Industrial output refers to gross output, not the
contribution of industry to GDP. Inflation refers to changes in the consumer price index
except for Croatia and The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia for which retail price
index is used. Unemployment generally refers to registered unemployment at the end of the
period (with the exception of the Russian Federation, where it is the Goskomstat estimate
of the ILO definition and Estonia where it refers to job seekers (see section 3.5(ii) for
details)). Aggregates shown are: Eastern Europe (the 12 countries below that line),
with sub-aggregates CETE-5 (central European transition economies: Czech Republic,
Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia) and SETE-7 (south European transition
economies: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania, The former
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Yugoslavia); Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia,
Lithuania); CIS (12 member countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States);
and total transition economies.
a Data reported by the Statistical Office of the Federation; these
exclude the area of Republika Srpska.
b Bulgarian industrial output indices were recently recalculated according
to a new methodology and the old series reportedly have been revised back to 1991. Here
and in appendix table B.4 industrial output now includes the gross output of all
activities of industrial enterprises (and not just the gross output of "pure"
industry, as previously published). The figure for industrial output growth in 1996
according to the new methodology (3.8 per cent) differs significantly from the figure for
the rate of change of gross industrial output (-9.1 per cent) reported in the national
accounts for the same year.
c Gross material product instead of GDP.
d Excluding Transdniestria.
TABLE 3.1.2
International trade and external balances of the ECE transition
economies, 1996-1998
(Rates of change and shares, per cent)
| |
Merchandise exports in
dollars (growth rates) |
Merchandise imports in
dollars (growth rates) |
Trade balances (per cent
of GDP) |
Current account (per cent
of GDP) |
| |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 a |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 a |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 a |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 a |
| Eastern Europe |
3.0 |
5.9 |
9.8 |
14.5 |
6.5 |
8.6 |
-9.6 |
-10.6 |
-9.5 |
-3.7 |
-4.3 |
-3.7 |
| Albania |
5.3 |
-33.5 |
.. |
40.5 |
-32.1 |
.. |
-26.0 |
-21.1 |
- |
-4.0 |
-12.0 |
-0.9 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
141.6 |
87.4 |
22.2 |
129.9 |
29.2 |
-32.0 |
-41.3 |
-43.3 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
| Bulgaria |
-8.5 |
0.5 |
-12.6 |
-10.0 |
-3.7 |
2.2 |
-1.9 |
0.3 |
-4.0 |
0.2 |
4.2 |
-1.0 |
| Croatia |
-2.6 |
-7.6 |
6.6 |
3.7 |
16.9 |
-2.0 |
-16.5 |
-24.5 |
-18.1 |
-4.3 |
-12.1 |
-5.4 |
| Czech Republic |
4.3 |
2.7 |
17.0 |
10.5 |
-1.3 |
5.0 |
-10.2 |
-9.2 |
-3.6 |
-7.6 |
-6.2 |
-1.2 |
| Hungary |
2.2 |
21.6 |
21.3 |
4.8 |
17.0 |
21.3 |
-5.4 |
-4.7 |
-5.7 |
-3.7 |
-2.1 |
-3.7 |
| Poland |
6.8 |
5.4 |
6.3 |
27.9 |
13.9 |
11.4 |
-8.9 |
-11.6 |
-12.5 |
-0.9 |
-3.0 |
-3.4 |
| Romania |
2.2 |
4.3 |
-3.3 |
11.3 |
-1.4 |
7.4 |
-9.5 |
-8.2 |
-8.9 |
-7.3 |
-6.7 |
-6.8 |
| Slovakia |
2.8 |
0.2 |
8.2 |
26.6 |
-8.0 |
6.5 |
-12.2 |
-10.5 |
-10.2 |
-11.2 |
-6.9 |
-10.1 |
| Slovenia |
-0.1 |
0.8 |
7.3 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
5.5 |
-5.9 |
-5.4 |
-5.0 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
| The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia |
-4.7 |
2.8 |
12.8 |
-5.4 |
7.8 |
9.6 |
-10.8 |
-15.5 |
-14.0 |
-6.5 |
-7.4 |
-6.3 |
| Yugoslavia |
20.6 |
28.7 |
6.7 |
54.3 |
16.7 |
1.3 |
-14.2 |
-13.4 |
.. |
.. |
-7.2 |
.. |
| Baltic states |
17.6 |
23.0 |
8.3 |
26.3 |
26.7 |
14.1 |
-18.6 |
-22.0 |
-22.6 |
-8.2 |
-9.5 |
-11.3 |
| Estonia |
13.2 |
40.9 |
13.0 |
27.2 |
37.5 |
15.0 |
-26.4 |
-32.4 |
-32.7 |
-9.7 |
-12.0 |
-9.7 |
| Latvia |
10.7 |
15.9 |
12.9 |
27.6 |
17.4 |
22.3 |
-17.1 |
-19.0 |
-20.4 |
-5.4 |
-6.2 |
-9.7 |
| Lithuania |
24.0 |
15.1 |
2.7 |
24.9 |
23.8 |
9.5 |
-15.3 |
-18.6 |
-19.1 |
-9.2 |
-10.2 |
-13.0 |
| CIS |
10.2 |
1.8 |
-13.6 |
5.9 |
18.7 |
-0.6 |
7.0 |
5.4 |
4.7 |
1.2 |
-0.5 |
-3.9 |
| Armenia |
55.4 |
-12.2 |
8.9 |
67.1 |
4.5 |
18.4 |
-25.8 |
-28.1 |
-27.3 |
-18.3 |
-18.8 |
-21.1 |
| Azerbaijan |
-3.1 |
18.1 |
-40.1 |
41.4 |
-28.6 |
46.3 |
-8.8 |
-1.0 |
-9.3 |
-29.2 |
-23.7 |
-30.6 |
| Belarus |
6.3 |
1.8 |
-7.4 |
25.6 |
21.2 |
13.2 |
-3.5 |
-7.1 |
-9.0 |
-3.8 |
-6.0 |
-7.4 |
| Georgia |
23.3 |
45.1 |
-16.4 |
78.7 |
44.1 |
10.2 |
-8.2 |
-10.0 |
-11.7 |
-6.6 |
-7.0 |
-7.0 |
| Kazakhstan |
15.7 |
28.4 |
-3.4 |
12.3 |
51.9 |
13.6 |
6.9 |
7.0 |
5.3 |
-3.6 |
-4.1 |
-4.1 |
| Kyrgyzstan |
-20.0 |
154.5 |
4.7 |
107.6 |
-21.9 |
59.4 |
-13.4 |
0.6 |
-6.3 |
-23.7 |
-7.8 |
-19.1 |
| Republic of Moldova |
-9.7 |
6.0 |
-14.0 |
54.5 |
35.0 |
20.5 |
-9.9 |
-15.6 |
-29.9 |
-11.1 |
-13.9 |
-23.3 |
| Russian Federation |
8.7 |
-1.2 |
-14.9 |
-4.9 |
23.3 |
-0.2 |
8.8 |
6.7 |
7.1 |
2.8 |
0.8 |
-2.7 |
| Tajikistan |
-11.6 |
7.7 |
-16.2 |
-13.9 |
-6.2 |
-7.4 |
14.6 |
22.2 |
6.5 |
-7.0 |
-5.4 |
-4.6 |
| Turkmenistan |
-42.1 |
-45.5 |
-29.7 |
49.3 |
-42.5 |
-15.7 |
-17.3 |
-8.6 |
-9.7 |
2.0 |
-22.2 |
-25.4 |
| Ukraine |
13.4 |
23.6 |
-8.0 |
17.1 |
12.7 |
-6.2 |
1.3 |
2.8 |
2.6 |
-2.7 |
-2.7 |
-4.1 |
| Uzbekistan |
94.0 |
-4.4 |
-13.6 |
96.0 |
1.9 |
-31.5 |
0.9 |
-0.5 |
0.3 |
-7.1 |
-3.9 |
-3.4 |
| Total above |
6.7 |
4.7 |
-0.2 |
12.7 |
10.6 |
6.5 |
-0.1 |
-1.4 |
-2.7 |
-0.9 |
-2.2 |
-4.0 |
| Memorandum items: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CETE-5 |
4.0 |
6.8 |
12.7 |
15.6 |
6.7 |
10.7 |
-8.6 |
-9.5 |
-9.1 |
-3.3 |
-3.5 |
-3.3 |
| SETE-7 |
-0.6 |
2.5 |
-1.4 |
8.7 |
4.8 |
3.1 |
-11.2 |
-12.4 |
-11.1 |
-5.3 |
-6.8 |
-5.4 |
Source: National statistics, CIS Statistical Committee and direct
communications from national statistical offices to UN/ECE secretariat; UN/ECE secretariat
computations.
Note: Foreign trade growth is measured in current dollar values. Trade
and current account balances are related to GDP at current prices, converted from national
currencies at current dollar exchange rates. Trade values include the "new
trade" among the successor states of former Czechoslovakia and the former SFR of
Yugoslavia, but not intra-CIS trade. Current-price GDP values are in some cases estimated
from reported real growth rates and consumer price indices. On regional aggregates, see
the note to table 3.1.1.
a January-September.
TABLE 3.7.1
Current account balances of eastern Europe, the Baltic countries and
European members of the CIS, 1996-1998
(Million dollars and per cent)
| |
|
|
January-September |
|
Per cent of GDP |
| |
1996 |
1997 |
1997 |
1998 |
1998 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 a |
| Eastern Europe b |
-13 189 |
-14 662 |
-10 269 |
-10 139 |
-16 974 |
-3.7 |
-4.2 |
-4.5 |
| Albania |
-107 |
-271 |
-121 |
-21 |
-50* |
-4.0 |
-12.0 |
-1.7* |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
-748 |
-1 046 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
| Bulgaria |
16 |
427 |
380 |
-91 |
-273 |
0.2 |
4.2 |
-2.1 |
| Croatia |
-858 |
-2 434 |
-1 085 |
-862 |
-1 554 |
-4.3 |
-12.1 |
-7.3 |
| Czech Republic |
-4 292 |
-3 211 |
-2 564 |
-481 |
-800* |
-7.6 |
-6.2 |
-1.5 |
| Hungary |
-1 678 |
-981 |
-686 |
-1 337 |
-2 298 |
-3.7 |
-2.1 |
-4.8* |
| Poland |
-1 352c |
-4 268c |
-3 638c |
-3 846 |
-6 810 |
-0.9 |
-3.0 |
-4.3 |
| Romania |
-2 571 |
-2 338 |
-1 277 |
-1 849 |
-2 633d |
-7.3 |
-6.7 |
-6.9 |
| Slovakia |
-2 098 |
-1 347 |
-1 102 |
-1 542 |
-2 300* |
-11.2 |
-6.9 |
-11.3* |
| Slovenia |
39 |
37 |
-16 |
58 |
-6 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
- |
| The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia |
-288 |
-275 |
-161 |
-168 |
-250* |
-6.5 |
-7.4 |
-7.1 |
| Baltic states |
-1 425 |
-1 889 |
-1 145 |
-1 854 |
.. |
-8.2 |
-9.5 |
-11.3 |
| Estonia |
-423 |
-563 |
-349 |
-370 |
.. |
-9.7 |
-12.0 |
-9.7 |
| Latvia |
-279 |
-345 |
-222 |
-456 |
.. |
-5.4 |
-6.2 |
-9.7 |
| Lithuania |
-723 |
-981 |
-574 |
-1028 |
.. |
-9.2 |
-10.2 |
-13.0 |
| CIS |
10 207 |
934 |
1 096 |
-8 012 |
.. |
2.1 |
0.2 |
-3.2 |
| Belarus |
-516 |
-799 |
-525 |
-797 |
.. |
-3.8 |
-6.0 |
-7.4 |
| Republic of Moldova |
-188 |
-267 |
-208 |
-280 |
.. |
-11.1 |
-13.9 |
-23.3 |
| Russian Federation |
12 096 |
3 335 |
3 011 |
-5 625 |
.. |
2.8 |
0.8 |
-2.7 |
| Ukraine |
-1 185 |
-1 335 |
-1 181 |
-1 310 |
.. |
-2.7 |
-2.7 |
-4.1 |
| Total above |
-4 408 |
-15 617 |
-10 318 |
-20 005 |
.. |
-0.5 |
-1.8 |
.. |
Source: National balance of payments statistics; press reports;
UN/ECE secretariat estimates.
a Full year except for Baltic states and CIS which are
January-September.
b Eastern Europe aggregate excludes Bosnia and Herzegovina.
c Convertible currencies.
d Official forecasts.