TABLE 2.2.5
Real GDP in the developed market economies, 1996-1999
(Percentage change over previous year)
| |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 a |
1999 a |
| Western Europe |
2.0 |
2.9 |
2.8 |
2.2 |
| 4 major countries |
1.5 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
1.9 |
| France |
1.6 |
2.3 |
3.0 |
2.4 |
| Germany |
1.4 |
2.2 |
2.7 |
2.0 |
| Italy |
0.7 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
2.0 |
| United Kingdom |
2.6 |
3.5 |
2.5 |
1.0 |
| 17 smaller countries |
3.1 |
3.9 |
3.5 |
3.0 |
| Austria |
1.6 |
2.5 |
3.2 |
2.8 |
| Belgium |
1.5 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
2.4 |
| Cyprus |
2.0 |
2.3 |
4.0 |
4.0 |
| Denmark |
3.2 |
3.3 |
2.6 |
1.7 |
| Finland |
3.6 |
6.0 |
5.0 |
3.5 |
| Greece |
2.7 |
3.5 |
3.8 |
3.5 |
| Iceland |
5.5 |
5.0 |
4.5 |
4.0 |
| Ireland |
7.4 |
9.8 |
7.7 |
6.5 |
| Israel |
4.5 |
1.9 |
1.5 |
2.5 |
| Luxembourg |
3.0 |
3.7 |
3.4 |
3.5 |
| Malta |
4.2 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
| Netherlands |
3.1 |
3.6 |
3.9 |
2.9 |
| Norway |
5.5 |
3.4 |
3.0 |
1.9 |
| Portugal |
3.2 |
3.5 |
4.0 |
3.0 |
| Spain |
2.4 |
3.5 |
3.8 |
3.5 |
| Sweden |
1.3 |
1.8 |
2.5 |
2.0 |
| Switzerland |
0.0 |
1.7 |
2.0 |
1.5 |
| Turkey |
7.0 |
7.2 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
| North America |
3.3 |
3.9 |
3.4 |
2.0 |
| Canada |
1.2 |
3.7 |
3.0 |
2.2 |
| United States |
3.4 |
3.9 |
3.4 |
2.0 |
| Total above |
2.6 |
3.4 |
3.1 |
2.1 |
| Japan |
3.9 |
0.9 |
-2.5 |
0.2 |
| Total above, including Japan |
2.8 |
3.0 |
2.2 |
1.8 |
| Memorandum items: |
|
|
|
|
| European Union |
1.8 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
2.2 |
| EMU |
1.6 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
2.4 |
Source: National statistics.
Note: All aggregates exclude Israel.
a Forecasts.
TABLE 2.3.5
Basic economic indicators for the ECE transition economies, 1996-1999
(Rates of change and shares, per cent)
| |
GDP (growth rates) |
Industrial output (growth
rates) |
Inflation (per cent
change, Dec./Dec.) |
Unemployment rate (end of
period, per cent) |
| |
|
|
1998 |
|
|
|
|
| |
1996 |
1997 |
April official forecast |
Jan.-Jun. actual |
October official forecast |
1999 official forecast |
1996 |
1997 |
Jan.-Jun. 1998 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 a |
1996 |
1997 |
Jun. 1998 |
| Eastern Europe |
4.1 |
2.8 |
4.3 |
3.5 |
3.3 |
4 |
6.0 |
5.4 |
4.4 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
11.7 |
12.0 |
11.6 |
| Albania |
9.1 |
-7.0 |
10 |
.. |
8-9 |
.. |
13.6 |
-5.6 |
-3* |
17.4 |
42.0 |
17.9 |
12.3 |
14.9 |
16.5 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina b |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
87.6 |
35.7 |
21.1 |
3.2 |
12.2 |
3.7 |
.. |
39* |
.. |
| Bulgaria |
-10.1 |
-6.9 |
3.0 |
11.9 |
4.5 |
3.7 |
3.8c |
-10.2 |
-0.7 |
311.1 |
578.7 |
18.8 |
12.5 |
13.7 |
11.4 |
| Croatia |
6.0 |
6.5 |
7.5 |
3.4 |
.. |
5 |
3.1 |
6.8 |
5.8 |
3.5 |
4.0 |
6.0 |
15.9 |
17.6 |
16.8 |
| Czech Republic |
3.9 |
1.0 |
1.4-2.6 |
-1.7 |
-1.9 |
0-1 |
2.0 |
4.5 |
6.7 |
8.7 |
9.9 |
12.0 |
3.5 |
5.2 |
5.6 |
| Hungary |
1.3 |
4.4 |
4.0 |
4.8 |
5 |
5 |
3.4 |
11.1 |
13.6 |
20.0 |
18.4 |
14.2 |
10.5 |
10.4 |
9.1 |
| Poland |
6.1 |
6.9 |
5.6-5.8 |
5.9 |
5.6 |
5.1 |
8.3 |
10.8 |
8.4 |
18.7 |
13.2 |
12.1 |
13.2 |
10.3 |
9.6 |
| Romania |
3.9 |
-6.6 |
- |
-5.2 |
-4 |
2-3 |
6.3 |
-7.2 |
-19.1 |
56.8 |
151.7 |
55.3 |
6.3 |
8.8 |
8.8 |
| Slovakia |
6.6 |
6.5 |
5.0 |
6.1 |
6 |
.. |
2.4 |
2.7 |
5.3 |
5.5 |
6.5 |
7.5 |
12.8 |
12.5 |
13.5 |
| Slovenia |
3.1 |
3.8 |
3.5-4 |
4.8 |
4 |
4 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
4.2 |
9.0 |
8.8 |
8.3 |
14.4 |
14.8 |
14.1 |
| The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia |
0.8 |
1.5 |
5.0 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
3.2 |
1.6 |
10.3 |
0.3 |
4.5 |
2.0 |
39.8 |
42.5 |
.. |
| Yugoslavia d |
5.9 |
7.4 |
10.0 |
.. |
6 |
.. |
7.5 |
9.5 |
11.2 |
59.9 |
10.3 |
27.4 |
26.1 |
25.6 |
26.9 |
| Baltic states |
4.1 |
7.6 |
6.3 |
7.1 |
5.7 |
6 |
4.6 |
8.3 |
7.3 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
6.4 |
6.3 |
5.9 |
| Estonia |
4.0 |
11.4 |
5.5-6 |
7.4 |
6.5-7 |
6 |
2.9 |
13.4 |
8.4 |
15.0 |
12.3 |
10.2 |
5.6 |
4.6 |
4.3 |
| Latvia |
3.3 |
6.5 |
5-6 |
6.4 |
5 |
4.5 |
5.5 |
13.8 |
10.1 |
13.2 |
7.0 |
6.1 |
7.2 |
6.7 |
7.2 |
| Lithuania |
4.7 |
6.1 |
7.0 |
7.3 |
5.5 |
7 |
5.0 |
0.7 |
3.9 |
13.1 |
8.5 |
6.1 |
6.2 |
6.7 |
5.5 |
| CIS |
-3.4 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
0.8 |
-2.6 |
.. |
-2.8 |
2.5 |
1.8 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
6.6 |
7.5 |
7.8 |
| Armenia |
5.8 |
3.1 |
5-6 |
6.7 |
.. |
.. |
1.4 |
0.9 |
3.2 |
5.6 |
21.8 |
6.7 |
9.7 |
11.0 |
8.7 |
| Azerbaijan |
1.3 |
5.8 |
.. |
9.1 |
7 |
9 |
-6.7 |
0.3 |
0.7 |
6.8 |
0.3 |
-0.2 |
1.1 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
| Belarus |
2.8 |
10.4 |
7-8 |
12.5 |
10-12 |
.. |
3.5 |
18.8 |
13.5 |
39.1 |
63.4 |
41.0 |
4.0 |
2.8 |
2.3 |
| Georgia |
11.0 |
11.3 |
11-13 |
8.9 |
.. |
.. |
7.7 |
8.1 |
0.8 |
13.6 |
7.3 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
2.6 |
.. |
| Kazakhstan |
0.5 |
2.0 |
3.5 |
1.7 |
2 |
1.5 |
0.3 |
4.0 |
1.1 |
28.6 |
11.3 |
8.0 |
4.1 |
3.9 |
4.0 |
| Kyrgyzstan |
7.1 |
9.9 |
3.6 |
5.0 |
3-4 |
.. |
8.8 |
50.4 |
23.5 |
35.0 |
14.7 |
12.0 |
4.5 |
3.1 |
3.7 |
| Republic of Moldova e |
-7.8 |
1.3 |
3-3.5 |
-4.7 |
-(5-7) |
.. |
-6.5 |
- |
2.3 |
15.1 |
11.1 |
4.3 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
2.0 |
| Russian Federation |
-3.5 |
0.8 |
0-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-5 |
.. |
-4.0 |
1.9 |
0.1 |
21.8 |
11.0 |
6.5 |
10.0 |
11.3 |
11.5 |
| Tajikistan |
-16.7 |
1.7 |
.. |
2.6 |
.. |
.. |
-23.9 |
-2.5 |
12.5 |
40.6 |
159.9 |
67.1 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
3.3 |
| Turkmenistan |
0.1 |
-15* |
.. |
3* |
.. |
.. |
17.9 |
-30* |
-5* |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
| Ukraine |
-10.0 |
-3.2 |
0.5 |
0.2 |
-1.5 |
1 |
-5.1 |
-1.8 |
0.7 |
39.7 |
10.1 |
7.7 |
1.5 |
2.8 |
3.4 |
| Uzbekistan |
1.7 |
5.2 |
6.0 |
4.0 |
.. |
.. |
6.0 |
6.5 |
5.5 |
80.0 |
27.5 |
.. |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
| Total above |
-0.4 |
2.0 |
2.6 |
2.1 |
- |
.. |
0.3 |
3.6 |
2.8 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
8.1 |
8.8 |
8.9 |
| Memorandum items: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CETE-5 |
5.0 |
5.4 |
4.7 |
4.6 |
4.6 |
.. |
6.1 |
8.9 |
8.3 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
11.2 |
9.8 |
9.3 |
| SETE-7 |
2.1 |
-2.9 |
3.3 |
1.0 |
0.6 |
.. |
5.7 |
-3.9 |
-7.3 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
12.5 |
14.3 |
14.2 |
| Ex-GDR Lander |
3.2 |
1.7 |
.. |
1.8 |
.. |
.. |
4.3 |
5.0 |
8.6 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
Source: National statistics; CIS Statistical Committee; direct
communications from national statistical offices to UN/ECE secretariat (IMF and World Bank
data for Albania).
Note: Aggregates are UN/ECE secretariat calculations, based on
previous period weights at 1992 prices. Output measures are in real terms (constant
prices). Forecasts are those of national conjunctural institutes or government forecasts
associated with the central budget formulation. Industrial output refers to gross output,
not the contribution of industry to GDP. Inflation refers to changes in the consumer price
index. Unemployment generally refers to registered unemployment at the end of the period
(with the exception of the Russian Federation where it is the Goskomstat estimate
according to ILO definition and Estonia where it refers to job seekers). Aggregates shown
are: Eastern Europe (the 12 countries below that line), with sub-aggregates CETE-5 (central European transition economies: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia,
Slovenia) and SETE-7 (south European transition economies: Albania, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and
Yugoslavia); Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania); CIS (12 member
countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States); and total transition economies.
a June 1998 over June 1997.
b Data reported by the Statistical Office of the Federation; these exclude the
area of Republika Srpska.
c Bulgarian industrial output indices were recently recalculated according to a
new methodology and old series reportedly have been revised back to 1991. Here and in
appendix table B.4 the industrial output indices now cover gross output of all activities
of industrial enterprises (and not gross output of "pure" industry, as
previously published). The figure for industrial output growth in 1996 according to the
new methodology (3.8 per cent) differs significantly from the figure for the rate of
change of gross industrial output (-9.1 per cent) reported in the national accounts for
the same year.
d Gross material product instead of GDP.
e Excluding Transnistria.
TABLE 2.3.6
International trade and external balances of the ECE transition
economies, 1996-1998
(Rates of change and shares, per cent)
| |
Merchandise exports in
dollars (growth rates) |
Merchandise imports in
dollars (growth rates) |
Trade balances (per cent
of GDP) |
Current account (per cent
of GDP) |
| |
1996 |
1997 |
Jan.-Jun. 1998 |
1996 |
1997 |
Jan.-Jun. 1998 |
1996 |
1997 |
Jan.-Jun. 1998 |
1996 |
1997 |
Jan.-Jun. 1998 |
| Eastern Europe |
2.3 |
6.2 |
10.4 |
14.3 |
6.3 |
7.7 |
-9.8 |
-10.5 |
-8.9 |
-3.8 |
-4.3 |
-4.1 |
| Albania |
5.3 |
-33.5 |
56.4 |
40.5 |
-32.1 |
91.7 |
-26.0 |
-21.1 |
-18.3 |
-4.0 |
-12.0 |
-3.8 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
141.6 |
87.4 |
36.3 |
129.9 |
29.2 |
-42.0 |
-41.3 |
-43.3 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
| Bulgaria |
-8.5 |
0.5 |
-9.3 |
-10.0 |
-3.7 |
5.4 |
-1.9 |
0.3 |
-2.9 |
0.2 |
4.1 |
0.5 |
| Croatia |
-2.6 |
-7.6 |
0.1 |
3.7 |
16.9 |
-2.3 |
-16.6 |
-25.3 |
-19.2 |
-4.3 |
-12.5 |
-12.4 |
| Czech Republic |
1.2 |
4.0 |
15.8 |
9.7 |
-2.0 |
2.3 |
-10.3 |
-8.4 |
-3.6 |
-7.6 |
-6.1 |
-1.7 |
| Hungary |
2.2 |
21.6 |
23.4 |
4.8 |
17.0 |
20.9 |
-5.4 |
-4.8 |
-5.5 |
-3.7 |
-2.2 |
-3.8 |
| Poland |
6.8 |
5.4 |
7.5 |
27.9 |
13.9 |
10.3 |
-9.4 |
-12.2 |
-11.8 |
-1.0 |
-3.1 |
-3.4 |
| Romania |
2.2 |
4.3 |
-1.3 |
11.3 |
-1.4 |
3.9 |
-9.5 |
-8.2 |
-5.5 |
-7.3 |
-6.7 |
-4.8 |
| Slovakia |
2.8 |
0.2 |
.. |
26.6 |
-8.0 |
.. |
-12.2 |
-7.1 |
-11.0 |
-11.2 |
-6.9 |
-11.0 |
| Slovenia |
-0.1 |
0.8 |
6.1 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
4.3 |
-5.9 |
-5.5 |
-6.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
-1.1 |
| The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia |
-4.7 |
2.8 |
11.3 |
-5.4 |
7.8 |
13.1 |
-12.2 |
-17.3 |
-16.4 |
-7.3 |
-8.3 |
-10.0 |
| Yugoslavia |
20.6 |
28.7 |
6.8 |
54.3 |
16.7 |
4.5 |
-14.2 |
-13.4 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
| Baltic states |
17.6 |
23.0 |
13.6 |
26.3 |
26.7 |
16.8 |
-18.6 |
-22.0 |
-21.7 |
-8.2 |
-9.5 |
-9.8 |
| Estonia |
13.2 |
40.9 |
16.9 |
27.2 |
37.5 |
16.8 |
-26.4 |
-32.3 |
-30.0 |
-9.7 |
-12.0 |
-7.8 |
| Latvia |
10.7 |
15.9 |
19.2 |
27.6 |
17.4 |
24.6 |
-17.1 |
-19.0 |
-19.6 |
-5.4 |
-6.2 |
-7.1 |
| Lithuania |
24.0 |
15.1 |
8.7 |
24.9 |
23.8 |
13.2 |
-15.3 |
-18.6 |
-18.7 |
-9.2 |
-10.2 |
-12.3 |
| CIS |
10.2 |
1.8 |
-12.4 |
5.9 |
18.7 |
10.8 |
6.9 |
5.2 |
3.3 |
1.2 |
-0.6 |
.. |
| Armenia |
60.6 |
-15.0 |
12.2 |
70.0 |
2.6 |
11.9 |
-26.1 |
-28.1 |
-24.2 |
-18.3 |
-18.8 |
.. |
| Azerbaijan |
-3.1 |
18.1 |
-50.2 |
41.4 |
-28.6 |
42.9 |
-8.8 |
-1.0 |
-8.7 |
-29.2 |
-23.7 |
.. |
| Belarus |
6.3 |
1.8 |
-10.6 |
25.6 |
21.2 |
23.8 |
-3.5 |
-7.2 |
-9.6 |
-3.8 |
-6.1 |
-7.6 |
| Georgia |
21.2 |
45.1 |
26.3 |
79.5 |
44.1 |
35.2 |
-8.2 |
-10.1 |
.. |
-6.6 |
-7.0 |
.. |
| Kazakhstan |
15.7 |
28.4 |
-3.1 |
12.3 |
51.9 |
21.1 |
6.9 |
6.9 |
4.8 |
-3.6 |
-4.1 |
.. |
| Kyrgyzstan |
-20.0 |
154.5 |
14.1 |
107.6 |
-21.9 |
77.1 |
-13.4 |
0.6 |
-3.6 |
-23.7 |
-7.8 |
.. |
| Republic of Moldova |
-9.7 |
6.0 |
-12.6 |
54.5 |
35.0 |
32.8 |
-10.1 |
-16.0 |
-26.9 |
-11.3 |
-15.8 |
-18.7 |
| Russian Federation |
8.7 |
-1.2 |
-14.6 |
-4.9 |
23.3 |
16.2 |
8.6 |
6.4 |
4.1 |
2.7 |
0.6 |
-3.1 |
| Tajikistan |
-11.6 |
7.7 |
-16.8 |
-13.9 |
-6.2 |
-24.1 |
14.6 |
22.2 |
.. |
-7.0 |
-5.4 |
.. |
| Turkmenistan |
-42.1 |
-45.5 |
24.7 |
49.3 |
-42.5 |
16.7 |
-22.8 |
-9.1 |
.. |
2.7 |
-23.4 |
.. |
| Ukraine |
13.4 |
23.6 |
-4.4 |
17.1 |
12.7 |
-6.3 |
1.3 |
2.8 |
3.3 |
-2.7 |
-2.7 |
-3.7 |
| Uzbekistan a |
94.0 |
-4.4 |
0.8 |
96.0 |
1.9 |
-34.5 |
0.9 |
-0.5 |
.. |
-7.8 |
-3.9 |
.. |
| Total above |
6.3 |
4.9 |
0.3 |
12.6 |
10.5 |
9.1 |
-0.1 |
-1.3 |
-2.6 |
-0.9 |
-2.1 |
-3.8 |
| Memorandum items: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CETE-5 |
3.1 |
7.1 |
13.7 |
15.4 |
6.5 |
9.7 |
-8.9 |
-9.4 |
-8.8 |
-3.4 |
-3.6 |
-3.5 |
| SETE-7 |
-0.6 |
2.5 |
-1.0 |
8.7 |
4.8 |
4.1 |
-11.3 |
-12.5 |
-8.9 |
-5.4 |
-6.8 |
-6.2 |
Source: National statistics; CIS Statistical Committee; direct
communications from national statistical offices to UN/ECE secretariat; UN/ECE secretariat
calculations.
Note: Foreign trade growth is measured in current dollar
values. Trade and current account balances are related to GDP at current prices, converted
from national currencies at current dollar exchange rates. Trade values include the
"new trade" among the successor states of former Czechoslovakia and the former
SFR of Yugoslavia, but not intra-CIS trade. Current-price GDP values for the first half of
1998 are in some cases estimated from reported real growth rates and consumer price
indices. On regional aggregates, see the note to table 2.3.5.
a Growth rates for 1997 and 1998 are based respectively on CIS
Statistical Committee estimates for merchandise trade values in 1997 and on TACIS
estimates for January-June 1997 and 1998.
TABLE 3.1.2
Trade balances of the ECE transition economies, 1993-1998
(Billion dollars)
| |
|
|
|
|
|
January-June |
| |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1997 |
1998 |
| Eastern Europe a |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| World |
-13.6 |
-12.1 |
-19.9 |
-32.0 |
-33.7 |
-16.3 |
-16.8 |
| ECE transition economies |
-3.8 |
-2.0 |
-3.2 |
-4.1 |
-2.2 |
-1.8 |
-0.7 |
| Developed market economies |
-10.5 |
-9.8 |
-15.1 |
-24.0 |
-25.8 |
-12.1 |
-12.7 |
| European Union |
-5.6 |
-5.9 |
-10.6 |
-18.1 |
-18.8 |
-8.7 |
-9.1 |
| Developing countries |
0.7 |
-0.3 |
-1.5 |
-3.9 |
-5.7 |
-2.4 |
-3.4 |
| Baltic states b |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| World |
-0.3 |
-0.9 |
-2.2 |
-3.2 |
-4.3 |
-2.0 |
-2.4 |
| ECE transition economies |
0.1 |
- |
-0.5 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
| Developed market economies |
-0.3 |
-0.8 |
-1.6 |
-2.7 |
-3.7 |
-1.6 |
-2.1 |
| European Union |
-0.1 |
-0.4 |
-1.4 |
-2.4 |
-3.2 |
-1.3 |
-1.8 |
| Developing countries |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
| Russian Federation c |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| World |
17.5 |
24.6 |
31.5 |
39.1 |
32.1 |
16.9 |
8.7 |
| Intra-CIS |
.. |
3.8 |
0.9 |
1.3 |
2.5 |
1.5 |
0.7 |
| Non-CIS countries |
17.5 |
20.9 |
30.6 |
37.7 |
29.6 |
15.4 |
8.0 |
| ECE transition economies |
5.3 |
4.3 |
5.5 |
8.6 |
8.0 |
4.3 |
2.9 |
| Eastern Europe d |
4.6d |
3.3 |
4.3 |
6.6 |
5.9 |
3.3 |
2.2 |
| Developed market economies |
10.2 |
12.8 |
15.6 |
18.8 |
13.6 |
7.3 |
3.2 |
| European Union |
8.4 |
6.9 |
8.4 |
11.5 |
8.4 |
5.0 |
1.6 |
| Developing countries |
2.0 |
3.8 |
9.4 |
10.3 |
8.0 |
3.9 |
1.9 |
| Other CIS countries e |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| World |
.. |
-1.3 |
-2.1 |
-4.3 |
-4.4 |
-2.1 |
-2.9 |
| Intra-CIS |
.. |
-2.6 |
-4.0 |
-4.2 |
-5.1 |
-2.9 |
-2.5 |
| Non-CIS countries |
1.7 |
1.3 |
1.8 |
-0.1 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
-0.4 |
| ECE transition economies |
.. |
0.4 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
-0.5 |
.. |
.. |
| Eastern Europe |
.. |
0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
-0.3 |
.. |
.. |
| Developed market economies |
.. |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-2.5 |
-2.8 |
.. |
.. |
| European Union |
.. |
-0.3 |
-0.6 |
-1.7 |
-2.2 |
.. |
.. |
| Developing countries |
.. |
1.5 |
2.4 |
2.2 |
4.0 |
.. |
.. |
Source: National statistics and direct communications from
national statistical offices to UN/ECE secretariat.
Note: There were changes in the methodology of foreign trade
reporting in several countries in transition in 1996-1998. For details see UN/ECE, Economic
Bulletin for Europe, Vol. 48 (1996) and Vol. 49 (1997).
a Trade balances as from 1996 are derived from export and
import data reported by Hungary according to the new methodology and those for
January-June 1998 are derived from export and import data reported by Slovakia according
to the new methodology.
b Trade balances as from 1995 are derived from export and
import data reported by Lithuania according to the new methodology.
c For the Russian Federation: Goskomstat data for 1993; State
Customs Committee data for 1994-1998. The two series are not fully comparable.
d Excludes the former SFR of Yugoslavia in 1993.
e Trade balances for 1996, 1997 and first half of 1998 do not
include Uzbekistan, for which data on trade by direction are not available.
TABLE 4.2.1
Current account balances of eastern Europe, the Baltic states and the
CIS, 1995-1998
(Million dollars and per cent)
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Per cent of GDP |
| |
|
|
|
January-June |
|
|
January-June |
| |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1997 |
1998 |
1998 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1997 |
1998 |
| Eastern Europe a |
-1 090 |
-13 189 |
-14 618 |
-8 692 |
-7 751 |
.. |
-0.3 |
-3.8 |
-4.3 |
-5.1 |
-4.1 |
| Albania |
-15 |
-107 |
-271 |
-61 |
-58 |
.. |
-0.6 |
-4.0 |
-12.0 |
-5.4 |
-3.8 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
-193 |
-748 |
-1 046 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
| Bulgaria |
-26 |
16 |
416 |
235 |
28 |
.. |
-0.2 |
0.2 |
4.1 |
4.6 |
0.5 |
| Croatia b |
-1 283 |
-858 |
-2 434 |
-1 360 |
-1 250 |
.. |
-6.8 |
-4.3 |
-12.5 |
-13.9 |
-12.4 |
| Czech Republic |
-1 369 |
-4 292 |
-3 156 |
-1 905 |
-454 |
.. |
-2.7 |
-7.6 |
-6.1 |
-7.3 |
-1.7 |
| Hungary c |
-2 480 |
-1 678 |
-981 |
-763 |
-905 |
-961d |
-5.6 |
-3.7 |
-2.2 |
-3.4 |
-3.8 |
| Poland c |
5 455 |
-1 352 |
-4 268 |
-2 728 |
-2 574 |
-2 481d |
4.6 |
-1.0 |
-3.1 |
-4.0 |
-3.4 |
| Romania |
-1 774 |
-2 571 |
-2 338 |
-864 |
-1 181 |
.. |
-5.0 |
-7.3 |
-6.7 |
-5.0 |
-4.8 |
| Slovakia |
646 |
-2 098 |
-1 347 |
-1 006 |
-1 095 |
-1 240e |
3.7 |
-11.2 |
-6.9 |
-10.3 |
-11.0 |
| Slovenia |
-23 |
39 |
37 |
-94 |
-103 |
-72d |
-0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
-1.0 |
-1.1 |
| The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia |
-222 |
-288 |
-275 |
-146 |
-159 |
.. |
-5.5 |
-7.3 |
-8.3 |
-8.8 |
-10.0 |
| Baltic states |
-816 |
-1 425 |
-1 889 |
-808 |
-1 106 |
.. |
-5.8 |
-8.2 |
-9.5 |
-8.2 |
-9.8 |
| Estonia |
-185 |
-423 |
-563 |
-224 |
-214 |
.. |
-5.2 |
-9.7 |
-12.0 |
-9.6 |
-7.8 |
| Latvia |
-16 |
-279 |
-345 |
-149 |
-217 |
.. |
-0.4 |
-5.4 |
-6.2 |
-5.4 |
-7.1 |
| Lithuania |
-614 |
-723 |
-981 |
-435 |
-676 |
.. |
-10.2 |
-9.2 |
-10.2 |
-9.1 |
-12.3 |
| European CIS |
6 123 |
10 207 |
492 |
2 097 |
-7 656 |
.. |
1.5 |
2.0 |
0.1 |
0.8 |
-3.4 |
| Belarus |
-567 |
-516 |
-799 |
-420 |
-584 |
.. |
-5.5 |
-3.8 |
-6.1 |
-6.4 |
-7.6 |
| Republic of Moldova |
-95 |
-188 |
-296 |
-166 |
-176 |
.. |
-6.6 |
-11.3 |
-15.8 |
-17.8 |
-18.7 |
| Russian Federation |
7 938 |
12 096 |
2 921 |
3 705 |
-6 004 |
.. |
2.2 |
2.7 |
0.6 |
1.6 |
-3.1 |
| Ukraine |
-1 152 |
-1185 |
-1 335 |
-1 022 |
-892 |
.. |
-3.1 |
-2.7 |
-2.7 |
-4.1 |
-3.7 |
| Total above |
4 218 |
-4 408 |
-16 015 |
-7 403 |
-16 513 |
.. |
0.6 |
-0.5 |
-1.8 |
-1.7 |
-3.8 |
| Asian CIS |
-1 729 |
-3 778 |
-3 833 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
-4.3 |
-7.8 |
-7.3 |
.. |
.. |
| Armenia |
-279 |
-291 |
-305 |
-156 |
.. |
.. |
-21.7 |
-18.3 |
-18.8 |
-19.3 |
.. |
| Azerbaijan |
-401 |
-931 |
-916 |
-429 |
.. |
.. |
-16.6 |
-29.2 |
-23.7 |
-22.2 |
.. |
| Georgia |
-218 |
-277 |
-347 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
-7.6 |
-6.6 |
-7.0 |
.. |
.. |
| Kazakhstan |
-518 |
-750 |
-909 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
-3.1 |
-3.6 |
-4.1 |
.. |
.. |
| Kyrgyzstan |
-233 |
-423 |
-137 |
-63 |
.. |
.. |
-15.7 |
-23.7 |
-7.8 |
-7.1 |
.. |
| Tajikistan |
-54 |
-74 |
-50 |
-24 |
.. |
.. |
-11.6 |
-7.0 |
-5.4 |
-5.2 |
.. |
| Turkmenistan |
24 |
43 |
-596 |
-45 |
.. |
.. |
0.5 |
2.7 |
-23.4 |
-3.5 |
.. |
| Uzbekistan |
-49 |
-1 075 |
-573 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
-0.5 |
-7.8 |
-3.9 |
.. |
.. |
Source: National balance of payments statistics; IMF for the
Asian CIS; UN/ECE secretariat estimates.
a Eastern Europe aggregate excludes Bosnia and Herzegovina.
b Data have been revised for 1995-1997.
c Convertible currencies: Hungary 1995 only and Poland
1995-1996.
d January-August.
e January-July.