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X #&m P7 #{&P## Xw P7[hXP#!x Distr. !xRESTRICTED ! !xST/SG/AC.10/R.545 !x24 September 1996 !xOriginal : ENGLISH  ?+ 4COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS ON THE TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS  (Nineteenth session, Geneva, 211 December 1996 agenda item 8) .ZANY OTHER BUSINESS EHeating of tanks and IBCs as a consequence of fire engulfment UDivision 4.1 and Division 5.2ă 4?Z mjf1B""?+Z mjf1B""Z 3 jC1B""++  XF - ETransmitted by the European Chemical Industry Council (CEFIC) ă  X  1.$Introduction X$For emergency venting of tanks and IBC's containing selfreactives of division 4.1 and  Y organic peroxides of division 5.2, a fire engulfment heat load of 110 kW/m2 should be taken into account (see 11.3.12.3, 12.558 and 14.2.2.9.2).#  Y# X$The application of this 110 kW/m2 value results in extraordinarily high heating rates, which never occur in practical fire situations, especially for small noninsulated containers.# GE.96 (RV8/R545.EN).ST/SG/AC.10/R.545 page . Y chsST/SG/AC.10/R.545  Y chspage ,---RRԌX$The fire engulfment standards of the American Petroleum Institute (API), standardsAPI 520 and API 521 give a more realistic approach, as it takes into account the wetted part to the power of 0.82 of the exposed surface area of the container and the insulation of the tank/IBC. # X$# X$The use of API fire engulfment standard within the UN Recommendations is not unique since it is also used in UN 12.13.2.1 and 12.31.1.1 to calculate the capacity of relief devices.# X$During the last SubCommittee meeting of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, July1996, CEFIC submitted an information paper on this subject (UN/SCETDG/12/INF.21). # X$The present document proposes the introduction of the API 520/521 as a fire engulfment requirement for IBC's and Tanks, Division 4.1 (selfreactives) and 5.2 (organic peroxides).#  X  2.$Elucidation  Y 2.1$Current UN approach X$The the current UN fire engulfment presciption is only a part of the API 520/521 approach but simplifies the heat input from a fire engulfment. No guidance is given how to take into account insulation.#  YX X$The current application of the 110 kW/m2 value is to calculate the heating rate of the tank or IBC contents taking into account the total surface area of tank or IBC, the heat transfer coefficient, total absorption of heat by the selfreactive or organic peroxide contents and loss of insulation (if applicable). With respect to insulation, only a calculation example is given in the test method for vent sizing, manual of tests and criteria, Appendix A.# X$Typical calculated heating rates are:# $ / 510 $C/min. for tanks (noninsulated) X$ / 2025 $C/min. for IBC's (noninsulated)# X$These calculated heating rates are unrealisticly high, even under extreme severe fire engulfment conditions.#)-,+,+Ԍ Y ԙ2.2$API approach X$The American Petroleum Institute standards on fire engulfment are API 520 andAPI521. Main differences between these standards and current UN fire engulfment standard are:# `$ / API: wetted area has to be taken into account (UN: total area) $ / API: wetted area to the power of 0.82 (UN: power =1) $ / API: insulation is incorporated (UN: no calculation method is prescribed) ` X$By applying API 520/521, the worst case situation will be taken into account. This is described as the situation where no adequate drainage and firefighting equipment exist. The proposed equation for fire engulfment, extracted from API 520/521, will be:#  YP $ /3 3 :FQ = 34500 * F * A0.82 $where:  Y $ /Q3 3 := heat absorption (Btu/h)  Y $ /A 3 3 := wetted area [ft2]jj]  Y $ /F3 3 := insulation factor []; X$F = 1 for noninsulated vessels, or:#  Y@  $ *(1660TPO)  YX $F = Ffor insulated vessels $ (21000 * d)  Y $where:3 3 :  Y $ / 3 3 := thermal conductivity of the insulation [Btu*in/(h*ft2*$F)]  Y $ /TPO3 3 := temperature of peroxide at relieving conditions [$F]  Y! $ /d 3 3 := thickness of insulation [in] Z 3 jC1B""X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:@C`EGJhLNQpSU XxZ   \ p x(08"$&@)+-H024P79@C`EGJhLNQpSU XxZ` P  ` P  ` P  !and 0.2149 * (1660212)  Y@ !Qi` ` -= 34500 * 2 * * (10.01) * (430)0.82 = 48707 Btu/h !` ` - 21000 *3  Y !Qd` ` -= 34500 * 1 * 0.01 * (430)0.82 = 49804 Btu/h (48707 + 49804) * 0.293071  Y# !dT/dt` ` -= * 60 = 0.053 K/min 16268 * 2000 H&-,+,+Ԍ Y  \ x5.!Discussion X!The scientific aspect of the subject was discussed during the last OECDIGUS, Energetic and Oxidising Substances (EOS) meeting, held at TNO Prins Maurits xLaboratory, Rijswijk, The Netherlands, May 2123 1996. The change to the API standard was presented and supported by this group. It was agreed that CEFIC will prepare an information paper on the subject to the July subcommittee meeting and a proposal to the December committee meeting." 4` P    aS ă