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Triple+i d d d3+0 d d d  `"X 0rA'UKUS.,..,,         _UN/_SCETDG_/18/INF.47page  2  (3rA$ !UKUS.,..,,        TRV6&A4V6&A46&A46&A4T   0rA'UKUS.,..,,         _UN/_SCETDG_/18/INF.47page  2  TABLE A !UKUS.,..,,        TRV6&A4X3' Letter6&A43'T  _ XhXXXLXXhT S{ST5 "UN/_SCETDG_/18/INF.NxxNO4OPO6OPQ7Q #XhXL#8XXhԈ   #XhX8#&W%XXhSubCommitteeofExpertsonthe #XhX%&WM#8XXh L  #XhX8#&W%XXhTransportofDangerousGoods #XhX%&W #8XXh &  #XhX8l#&W%XXh(#&} %%&W#&< % %&}Eighteenth#&} % %&< #&W% %&}ԀSession, #XhX%&W#8XXh   #XhX8#&W%XXhGeneva,#&} %%&WU#&< % %&}314July2000, #X~X %&<#XX~#G#8    #XhX8#&W%XXh#&} %%&W#&< % %&}agendaitem5(_i_)) #X~X %&<7#XX~#y#8 p    #XhX8#&W%XXh#&} %%&W2#&< % %&}MISCELLANEOUSDRAFTAMENDMENTSTOTHEMODELREGULATIONS #X~X %&<#XX~##8  h  #XhX8W #&W%XXh#&} %%&W #&< % %&}ONTHETRANSPORTOFDANGEROUSGOODS #X~X %&< #XX~#5 #8  F   #XhX8 #&W%XXh#&} %%&W #&< % %&}Explosives #X~X %&<: #XX~#| #8       #XhX8 #&W%XXhUKCommentsonProposalscontainedinUNDocumentST/SG/AC.10/C.3/2000/21forthe18th `  SessionofUNSubCommitteeofExperts,#&} %%&W #&< % %&}314July2000#&} % %&<_ #&W% %&}. #XhX%&W #8XXh :      #XhX8 #&W%XXhTransmittedbytheExpertfromtheUnitedKingdom #XhX%&Wk#8XXh    #XhX8#&W%XXhBackground #XhX%&WN#8XXh 8   #XhX8#1.  TheExpertfromtheUnitedKingdomwelcomestheworkdoneby#XLXXXh #X~XXXLtheInformal , WorkingGroup(WG)ontheclassificationofAmmoniumNitrateEmulsions,IntermediatesforBlastingExplosives,andtheirproposalscontainedin#XLXXX~p#XhXXXLUNDocument  ST/SG/AC.10/C.3/2000/21,andpresentsheresomecommentsonthoseproposalforconsiderationbytheWorkinggroupattheirmeetingtobeheldinGenevainJuly2000.8XXh   #XhX8H#ConcerningtheProposalstochangeFigure10.2andNewFigure10.4 8XXh D L8XhXLX&XXXhXhXXX&  2.  TheprincipleofaddinganewboxinFigure10.2foraspecifictypeofproductis H undesirableforanumberofreasons:  (_i_)itcreatesaprecedentthatmayleadtoproposalstoaddanewboxwhenevera  newtypeofproductwhichissuspectedofhavingexplosivepropertiesis  !!   consideredforclassification;  (ii)itcomplicatestheflowchartinaregionwhichiscurrentlybothsimpleand  t##   comprehensive;and,moreimportantly,  (iii)itappearsthatpositioningthenewboxinFigure10.2inthelocationproposedis  notconsistentoneofthebasicprinciplesoftheClass1AcceptanceProcedure  whenaproductmayprogressthroughtheclassificationprocesstobeacandidate  forasubstanceofClass1(seebelow).   #XhXXXh#8XXh#8c#8#XhX8#3.  #XLXXXh=#XhXXXLBeforeasubstancepossessingexplosivepropertiescanbeconsideredforClass1its ) %* stabilitymusthavebeenassessedtoensurethatitissufficientlythermallystableandnottoosensitivetoinitiationbyflame,frictionandimpact#XLXXXh#XhXXXL.#XLXXXh#XhXXXLParagraphs2.1.3.2and2.1.3.3ofthe +&, ModelRegulationstatethatinrelationtotheClassificationofasubstanceconsideredforClass1:8XXh#86#8 b-(. #XhX8##XLXXXh5#XhXXXLԀ 2.1.3.2.1......First,thepotentialofasubstanceorarticletoexplodemustbeascertained /f*0 anditsstabilityandsensitivity,bothchemicalandphysical,mustbeshowntobeacceptable.Inordertopromoteuniformassessmentsbycompetentauthorities,itisrecommendedthat 0:,2 Ub_/_bb1bUdatafromsuitabletestsbe_analyzed_ԀsystematicallywithrespecttotheappropriatetestcriteriausingtheflowchartofFigure10.2inPartIoftheRecommendationsontheTransportofDangerousGoods,ManualofTestsandCriteria.IfthesubstanceorarticleisacceptableforClass1itisthennecessarytoproceedtothesecondstage,toassignthecorrecthazarddivisionbytheflowchartofFigure10.3inthesamepublication8XXh.#8#8   #XhX8Q##XLXXXh#XhXXXLand8XXh#8 #8  \ L8XhXLX&XXXhXhXXX&   2.1.3.3.1TheresultsfrompreliminarytestsandthosefromTestSeries1to4areusedto ` determinewhetherornottheproductisacceptableforClass1.Ifthesubstanceismanufacturedwithaviewtoproducingapracticalexplosiveorpyrotechniceffect 4  (2.1.1.1(c)),itisunnecessarytoconductTestSeries1and2.Ifanarticle,apackagedarticle   orapackagedsubstanceisrejectedbyTestSeries3and/or4itmaybepracticabletoredesignthearticleorthepackagingtorenderitacceptable.   Intheproposalasitstandsitispossibleforanammoniumnitrateemulsion(ANE)tobeclassifiedas1.1D(or1.5D)withouthavingfirstbeenshowntomeetthestabilityrequirementsforinclusioninClass1.WhilstitisappreciatedthattheWGexpertsknowthepropertiesofcurrentformulations,itisnecessarytowritetheregulationsinsuchawaythatnewformulationswhichmaybedevelopedinthefuturewillbecovered.Itispossibletoavoidthisinconsistencyif:  (a)thetextinbox2ofFigure10.2ismodifiedtoincludetheemulsions;and  (b)arelativelyminormodificationismadetoFigure10.3.ApossibleschemeforconsiderationisgiveninAnnexes1and2andissummarisedinparagraph 4below.4.  IfthetextinBox2ofFigure10.2isamendedtoaskthequestion isthesubstancea |", candidatefor ammoniumnitrateemulsion,intermediateforblastingexplosives?anaffirmativeresponsewoulddirectthepaththroughtheclassificationchartviaBox8,onthroughTestSeries3and,subjecttotherequiredstability,intoFigure10.3.AnadditionalBox(Box43)locatedimmediatelybeforeBox19couldthenaskthequestion:  Isthesubstanceacandidatefor ammoniumnitrateemulsion,intermediatefor  ' $   blastingexplosives?AnANEwouldbea YesresponseandthepaththroughtheclassificationchartwouldproceedtothenewTestSeries8.ApositiveresultinanySeries8testwoulddirecttherouteofclassificationthroughtheexistingsystemviaBox19,butBox38wouldnotbeanoption.NegativeresultsinallSeries8testswouldallowtheANEtopasstoBox45forclassificationinDivision5.1.ThusanyammoniumnitrateemulsionwhichmeetsthecriteriaofClass1wouldbeclassifiedinClass1havingfirstbeenshowntobesufficientlystable.Figure10.4wouldberedundant. 1). 5.  AschemesuchasthiswouldrequiresomechangestotheproposedTestSeries8.In P addition,theassessmentofthermalstabilityforanANEwhichisclassifiedinDivision5.1,andlikelytobetransportedintanks,possiblyatelevatedtemperature,shouldreflect  thetransporttemperature;and  theheatlosscharacteristicsofatank.Theseareaddressedinparagraph7below. TestsofTestSeries8  :  6  ItisproposedthatclassificationofanANEwillbesubjecttotheresultsfromanew ^  seriesoftests,TestSeries8.Theoutcomeofthetestsinthisseriesdetermineswhetherthesubstanceis1.1D,1.5DoranoxidiserofDivision5.1i.e. NotClass1.Mostofthetestsareprocedurescurrentlyappliedtosubstanceswithexplosiveproperties,ormodificationsofexistingUNtestprocedures.Test8(a)isfromTestSeries3,Test8(c)isfromTestSeries2,Tests8(b)and8(d)arefrom(oramodificationof)testsinTestSeries5.7.  Thermalstability:ThethermalstabilitytestisthesameasTest3(c)inTestSeries3. t Test3(a)isintendedforpackagedexplosivestransportedatambienttemperature.Itisnotsufficientlystringentformaterialsthatwillprobablytobetransportedintanks,possiblyatelevatedtemperatures,wherethesubstancetemperatureislikelytobesignificantlyhigherthanambientandtheheatlossesfromthesystemaresignificantlylowerthanfromapackage.Thetestshouldberepresentativeof:  thetransporttemperature;and  theheatlossfromatank.Twoalternativesforconsiderationarepresentedbelow:̀(a)Ifchangesofthetypedetailedinparagraph4areconsideredappropriate,thethermalstabilitytestathispointintheclassificationisnotnecessary,sinceTestSeries3willhavebeenperformed.However,foranANEclassifiedinDivision5.1someformofappropriatethermalstabilitytestisnecessarybeforetransportintanksor_IBCs_Ԁcanbeconsideredwhichtakesaccountofthefactorsabove(transporttemperatureandheatlosscharacteristics).̀(b)Iftheproposalsin2000/21areusedasthebasisoftheclassificationscheme,aTestSeries8thermalstabilitytestmustbeperformed.Test3(c)isappliedtoexplosivesthataretransportedinpackagesatambienttemperatureandhasabuiltinsafetymargini.e.thetestisperformedat75Cwhereasthemaximumtemperaturelikelytobeexperiencedduringtransportisconsideredtobe50or55C.AsanANEmaybetransportedatatemperatureatorabove75C,itwouldbenecessarytoamendthetestprescriptionofTest3(c)sothatthetestforelevatedtemperaturematerialsisequallyasstringent.Sincetheresultswillbeusedtoallowtransportin_IBCs_Ԁortanksitshouldreflecttheconditionsoftransport(elevatedtemperatureandheatlosscharacteristicsinbulk)andbeperformed:Q=4y <DL!T$&)\+-XQ0  0M " "r0")-M "M " Z=4y <DL!T$&)\+-4y XZ0  0M " "At75Corthetransporttemperature(possiblythetransporttemperatureplusπsomesafetymargin+10or15C)whicheverishigher. M "M " Z=4y <DL!T$&)\+-4y XZ0  0M " "Underconditionsthatreflectthe(substantiallylower)heatlossesfromatankorπan_IBC_;aDewarvesselwithsuitableheatlosscharacteristicsisappropriate(SeeπtheManualofTestsandCriteriaPartII,TestSeriesHTestH4) M "M " Z=4y <DL!T$&)\+-4y XZ0  0M " " M "M " Z=4 <DL!T$&)\+- 04y XZIfatestofthetypeproposedisused,inviewofthetransportintanks,theprocedureshouldbelimitedtoinstrumentedprocedurewhichismorelikelytoidentifyproblemmaterials(thecriteriaforthe_uninstrumented_ԀprocedureinTest8(a)islikelytomissmaterialsthatwhenhotinatankforprolongedperiodsmayundergoacceleratingdecomposition,andbeforetanktransportisallowedanappropriatelowheatloss(Dewar)testisessential.8  CapSensitivityTest8(b):ThecapsensitivitytestistakenfromTestSeries5,ithas H  lowconfinement(acardboardtube),asmalldiameterandashortlength(ammoniumnitrateandmanyofitsmixturestendtohavealargecriticaldiameter).InTestSeries5thetestisusedtodeterminewhetherornotaClass1explosiveissufficientlyinsensitiveforinclusioninDivision1.5itisthereforeusedtodifferentiatebetweenanexplosiveandaveryinsensitiveexplosive.For_ANEs_Ԁthistest(asTest8(b))isusedtodifferentiatebetweenanexplosiveof1.1Dand(effectively)anoxidiserofDivision5.1(i.e.notClass1).ThesuitabilityofthetestshouldthereforebesubjecttosomediscussiontoensureitissufficientlystringentanddiscriminatingtoperformthetaskforwhichitisintendedinTestSeries8.ExaminationofthelistofresultsintheManualofTestsandCriteria(_MTC_)Table15.4.1.5showsthat_ANFOs_ԀandothersensitisedANbasedexplosivesofClass1( AN+_DNT_and AN+alkali/alkalineearthmetalnitrate+water+aluminium+combustiblematerial)togetherwithanumberofotherexplosivesofClass1givenegativeresults.TheSeries1detonationtestmaybeconsideredasanalternative,oratleastaSeries2TypetesteitherTest2(a)(possiblywithasmallerGAP(25mm?)).ACapsensitivitytestwithhigherconfinementsuchasthe(old)Series2Test2(a)(_i_)BAM50/60SteelTubeTestmaybemoreappropriate.WhatevertestisadoptedforassessingthedetonationpropertiesofanANEthatwill,ifitpassesthetest,beallowedfortransportintanksmustreflecttherelativelyhighdegreeofselfconfinementoftransportinatank.Iftransportistobeatelevatedtemperaturesthetestshouldbeperformedatthemaximumlikelytransporttemperature.Iftheemulsionissufficientlyfluidforcavitationduringtransporttobepossible,a_cavitated_Ԁtestmaybenecessary.9  _Koenen_ԀTest8(b)󀄀nocomment.  *"& Q=4y <DL!T$&)\+-XQ0  0M " " M "M " Z=4 <DL!T$&)\+- 04y XZ10  ModifiedUSADDTTest8(d):ThistestisalsoderivedfromatestinTestSeries5. +$( WhilstTest8(d)doesusealargerinitiationsystem(pyrotechniccharge),asameansofassessingthelikelihoodofatransitionfromadeflagrationtoadetonationtheseverityofthetestmaybesuspect,anditsabilitytodiscriminatebetweenemulsionswhichshouldbeClass1andthoseofDivision5.1maybequestioned.ThetubeisshortinlengthANDtheigniterislocatedinthemiddlethusmakingtheeffectivelengthevenshorteritispossiblethatthereis r0")- insufficientrunuplengththeallowatransitionfromadeflagrationtodetonation.Q=4y <DL!T$&)\+-XQ0  0M " " M "M " Z=4 <DL!T$&)\+- 04y XZReferencetoTable15.5.2.5inthe_MTC_Ԁfortests,admittedlywiththe5gigniter,showsevensensitisedemulsionagents(with_microspheres_,NCoroil)givenegativeresultsintheSeries5test.Atestwithlargediameter(suchasthistube),butlongerinlengthsuchastheFrenchDDTtest(~1000mm),withendinitiationwouldbepreferable,withthetestperformedatthetransporttemperature.Hereagain,forelevatedtemperaturetransportthetestshouldbeperformedatthetransporttemperature.Q=4y <DL!T$&)\+-XQ0  0M " " M "M " Z=4 <DL!T$&)\+- 04y XZ11  TheModifiedUSVentedPipeTest8(e):Whilstthisisanattempttoexamineheating   underconfinementonalargescale,theremaybepracticalproblemswiththetest:Q=4y <DL!T$&)\+-XQ0  0M " " M "M " Z=4 <DL!T$&)\+- 04y XZ  thesampleloadingishigh(~40kg)whichbecauseofthepossibilityof x      fragmentationwilllimitthesitesavailableforthetesttobeperformed;  ifatestgivesanegativeresult,therearesafetyimplicationsindisposingofthepost  testpipeandcontents,theresiduesarelikelytocompriseammoniumnitrateand  2   carbonaceousresidueswhicharepotentiallyexplosiveanddisposalofthesystem  l   asis,oremptyingit,maywellpresentasafetyhazardasitisofawelded  V   construction;  notwithstandingthestrengthofthevessel,theventsizeinthetestiswellinexcess  oftheventareasreferredtointhespecialprovisionparts(c)and(d)(afactorin     excessof20).Q=4y <DL!T$&)\+-XQ0  0M " " M "M " Z=4 <DL!T$&)\+- 04y XZInthecurrenttext,thereisnowallthicknessspecifiedforthepipeandnospecificationforthesteelofthepipe. Packagingandtankrequirements  d&" 12  Packages:IntheproposedentryinChapter3.2,theentryforAMMONIUM 8( $ NITRATEEMULSIONhasbeenallocatedto_PGIII_:  (a)Whilstitisnormalpracticethatsubstancesin_PGIII_Ԁarepermittedtogoaslimited  quantities,theentryincolumn(7)is none.  (b)Iftheintersessionalworkinggroupadopted_PGIII_Ԁtorestrictoverconfinementthe  entrydoesNOTachievethis,asapackagetestedto_PGI_Ԁcanapplya_PGIII_Ԁmark.The  solutionhereistoapplyAdditionalRequirementsinthepackinginstruction;for  /8(,   exampleseeP112(c)PP48orP114(c)PP52. r0")- Ї  (c)PackinginstructionP503isnotappropriate:   ` (_i_)itisforDivision5.1PGISOLIDS   ` (ii)iftheintentionistoagainrestrictthequantityperpackagethenaseparate   ` packinginstructionhastobedevelopedforDivision5.1liquids      ` (iii)_PGIII_ԀsubstancesarenormallyallocatedtoP001orP002orP003(d)Specialpackingprovision_Byz_Ԁ_IBCs_Ԁarepackagingsandthedefinitionofburstingdiscsisnotnormallyspecifiedinthisway.Thetextwouldbenonspecific,seeIBC02B5whichinitscurrentformmaybesuitable.Referenceto_SPP_Ԁ_Byz_Ԁismissingfromcolumn(9)intheproposedentryfortheDangerousGoodsList.Forcommentsonpressurereliefrequirementsseeparagraph13.   #XhXXXh9 #8XXh#8{ #8#XhX8o]##XLXXXh]#XhXXXL13  Tanks:Itisusualtoincludeatankprovisionrelatingtothedegreeoffillingfor   portabletanksincolumn(11).ForemulsionsthatwillbecarriedunderelevatedtemperatureconditionsTP3isappropriate.8XXh#8^#8   #XhX8._##XLXXXhp_#XhXXXLItisnotclearwhatthepressurereliefarrangementsareintendedtobe.T2callsuponthe J normalpressurereliefrequirements,cf.6.7.2.8intheModelregulations.Iftheproposedspecialprovision_TPxy_Ԁisintendedtodealwiththeemergencyreliefdevicesinasimilarwaytotherequirementsforselfreactivesubstancesandorganicperoxidesthenadditionalprovisionsmaybenecessary,sincefireengulfmentmayleadtosignificantratesofdecompositionwithgas/vapourevolution.Relatedtothis,isittheintentiontoprecludetheuseofspringloadedvalveseitherontheirownorinacombinationwithfrangiblediscsorfusibleelements?Thesecondsentenceofproposed_TPxy_Ԁappearsonlytodealwiththesituationwherefusibleelementsareusedandnotspringloadeddevicesandfrangiblediscs(i.e.themaximumsetting(s)toavoidunnecessaryconfinement)andinthisregarditisusualtostatethepressureinrelationtothetestpressure(cf.6.7.2.9to6.7.2.11inclusive).Someoftheseissuesarealsolikelytobeapplicabletotheproposed_SPP_Ԁ_Byz_Ԁinrelationtometal_IBCs_.8XXh#8_#8 !B #XhX8 e##XLXXXhOe#XLXXXLXhXXXL    e   |", TRV6&V6&A46&A46&A4TA@ dddAQQ<( ` hp x X<R /RR.R! 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[ 54XXXXh    48  ܢXXNoXXܢ48~݌ 0&. \ 0ЌXhXXX   .. ] . 4XhXXXh8XXh   4    ܢ8 4݌̌8ܢXhX8   4XhXXXh8XXh   4  .8%.%%Isthe_ ammonium_ _ nitrateemulsion,intermediateforblasting_explosives _asubstanceofClass1?#%%C##.%$# 4݌ MC;Bd  MЌ..XhX.  /%. e / !f ! !g ! *h * 5&i 5 0&j 0 .k . 3)!k 3 /%l / !m ! !n ! *o * 7&p 7 7&q 74XXXXh    4{    ܢXXYesXXܢ4{݌ F3'r0 BFЌXhXXX   3)!rB 3 /%s / !t ! !u ! *v * 5&w 5 0&x 0 .y . 3)!y 3 /%z / !r{ ! !r| ! *r} * 5&r~ 5 0&r 0 .r . 3)!r 3 /%r / !\ ! !\ ! *\ * 5&\ 5 0&\ 0 .\ B. 3)!\B 3 /%\ / !F ! !F ! *F * 5&F 5 0&F 0 *F * 5&F 54XXXXh    4v  ܢXXNoXXܢ4v݌ 0&F 0ЌXhXXX   /%F / !0 ! !0 !4XXXXh    4   4 P݌̌XhXXX   4XXXXh    4  4݌̌XhXXX   4XXXXh    4r  _____ ` _4r݌ *F *ЌXhXXX   4XXXXh    4j    4j݌̌XhXXX   4XXXXh    4*  4*p݌̌XhXXX   4XXXXh    4  _____/4$݌ 5&` 5ЌXhXXX   4XXXXh    4  $q? X$4݌̌XhXXX   4XXXXh    4  ݀4݌ z ЌXhXXX   4XXXXh    4m  \____ 4m݌ 7&` 7ЌXhXXX   4XXXXh    4b  4b݌̌XhXXX   4XXXXh    4  4\݌̌XhXXX   4XXXXh    4  _____4݌ 9&` 9ЌXhXXX   4XXXXh    4  4݌ 5&0 5ЌXhXXX   0&0 0 /%0 / *, * 5&, 5 9&, 9 5&, 5 0&, 0 !, ! !, ! !, ! /%, / * * 5& 5 9& 9 5& 5 0& 0 ! ! ! ! ! ! /% / *  * 5&  5 9&  9 5&  5 0&  0 !  ! !  ! !  ! /%  / *  * 5&  5 9&  94XXXXh    4G  ܢXXBox19XXܢ4G݌ 5&  5ЌXhXXX   0&  0 !  ! !  ! !  ! /%  / *!p * 5&!p 5 =*!p =4XXXXh    4    ܢXX4݌̌8ܢ   4ܢ8    4  Isthesubstancea "2 candidateforDivision1.5?XXܢ4݌ D:2$ DЌXhXXX   !!p ! !!p ! !!p ! /%!p / *"Z * 5&"Z 5 =*"Z = <)!"Z <4XXXXh    4r  ܢXXNoXXܢ4r݌ 5,&"Z 5ЌXhXXX   0&"Z, 0 !"Z ! /%"Z / *#D * 5&#D 5 =*#D = <)!#D < 5,&#D 5 0&#D, 0 !#D ! /%#D / *$. * 5&$. 5 =*$. 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