ÿWPC  ‰oO?ðM©°l€y6nlvW¸p°²íµð¾Ð˜ÁÔîÜŸnµGS¾9銘 yÄËY…Ô‰1ĆhUÁÓ-ÙŽC¡´“&?OSiþŠœ‚”ù«=zïÆç_šdúKš @# lUNw %Å 0ÚËw@¥UBå4'; 0J 0?ÉU. BG6 fS dU a¹ "Í fï añ 0D fI aK d_ hà hÉ h7Ï ˜HP LaserJet IIIPHPPCL5MSÈÈèèÈÈ0.(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX(²ÐW$¡¡ÔUKUS.,ÔÔ..ÔÔ,,ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÑTRW\Ï6Á&A4`Â&Ð6A4 LandscapeÐ6Â&A4Â&Ð6A4 LandscapeTÑ €%%‚%ƒ%„D…V†•‡ˆa‰Eô\  `*Times New RomanTTèŽÜ&ÿÿ3|x‰H!ÿÿ4heading 4heading 4Ó  ÓÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  Ô<}†ÿÿ.Style0Style0Ó  ÓÔ‡XXXÔÔC‡ %ä2¼A`ArialTTCÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ‡XXXÔÔW‡ô\  `*Times New RomanTTWÔ%ä2¼A`ArialTT d ZÝ ƒ¯'ÝÝ  ÝÒ±°ÒUN/SCETDG/16/INF.21Ìpage€Ú  Ú1Ú  ÚTable_A Ñ Å ÑÑ Å ÑTable_B(3¯$§§Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝTable_C ZÝ ƒ¯'ÝÝ  ÝÒ±°ÒUN/SCETDG/16/INF.21Ìpage€Ú  Ú1Ú  Ú C@CÝ ƒÐW!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÔ..ÔÔ,,ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÑTRW\Ï6Á&A43Ø'Ð6Â&A4ÿ3Ø'TÑÝ  ÝÑŰÑÒ±°ÒÒ±°ÒÑTRW\Ð6Â&A4W\Ï6Á&A4Ð6Â&A4Ð6Â&A4TÑѱ°Ññ‡ñÖ€ÿÿÖñ‡ññ‡ñÖ€ÿÿÖñ‡ñÑ ý ÑÔ‡XlXXXÔÑ€ RÑà€7#àÔ#†XlXXXl¤#ÔÔ‡XlXXXlÔÔ  ÔÔOZUK.,Ôò òÔ‡è¤ÆèXXlÔUN/SCETDG/16/INF.21Ô#†XlXèè¤ÆI#Ôó óˆÐ Å ÐÔ#†XlXXXl #ÔÔ‡XlXXXlÔÌÓE1ÜÜ´Œ d < ìÄœtL$üÔ¬°œXEÓò òÓ3óÓÌCOMMITTEE€OF€EXPERTS€ON€THE€TRANSPORTÌOF€DANGEROUS€GOODSà Á àÐ õ0 ÐÌòòSub„Committee€of€Experts€on€the€Ð µð ÐTransport€of€Dangerous€GoodsóóÐ • Ð Ð(Geneva,€5„16€July€1999,Ìagenda€itemÔ#†XlXXXlÚ#ÔÔUK.,OZ.,4Ô€5€(b))Ð U   ÐÌó óÌò òÓ  ÓMISCELLANEOUS€DRAFT€AMENDMENTS€TO€THE€MODEL€REGULATIONS€Ð õ 0  ÐON€THE€TRANSPORT€OF€DANGEROUS€GOODSó óÐ Õ  ÐÌòòLithium€Batteries€(Supplement€to€ST/SG/AC.10/C.3/1999/36)Ð •Ð  ÐÌTransmitted€by€the€Expert€from€CanadaóóÐ U ÐÓ ÓÓ  ÓÌÌò òIntroductionó óÐ õ0 ÐÌDocument€ST/SG/AC.10/C.3/1999/36€identifies€problems€with€the€current€approach€to€theÏregulation€of€lithium€cells€and€batteries€and€calls€for€the€establishment€of€an€informal€Working€GroupÏto€address€these.€€This€supplement€to€that€paper€contains€a€ð ðthought€starterðð€presented€in€the€form€ofÏamendments€to€the€current€Model€Regulations.ÌÌSquare€brackets€have€been€used€to€present€points€for€discussion€or€to€provide€comment.€€TheÏð ðthought€starterðð€is€presented€later€as€Recommendations€A€and€B.ÌÌAlthough€no€consistent€differentiation€has€been€identified€between€all€ð ðbatteriesðð€and€all€ð ðcellsððÏdelegates€might€nevertheless€wish€to€retain€a€difference€in€the€size€limits€used€to€distinguish€amongÏsmall,€intermediate€and€large€units.€[See€paragraph€5€of€Recommendation€A.]ÌÌThe€distinction€between€lithium„ion€and€lithium€which€was€introduced€in€the€eleventh€revised€editionÏof€the€Model€Regulations€has€been€retained.€€Primary€lithium€batteries€that€contain€lithium€metalÏanodes€were€introduced€commercially€over€twenty€years€ago€and€were€soon€followed€by€primaryÏlithium€batteries€that€contain€lithium€alloy€anodes.€€Recent€technologies€include€lithium„ion€andÏlithium€polymer€batteries€that€use€lithium„ion€chemistries.€€Lithium„ion€battery€technologies€areÏdistinct€from€lithium€metal€and€lithium€alloy€technologies€in€design€and€in€reactivity.€€Lithium€metalÏand€lithium€alloy€technologies€use€metallic€lithium€and€lithium€alloy€as€the€negative€electrode.€€InÏcontrast,€lithium„ion€technologies€use€a€lithiated€carbon€material€for€the€negative€electrode€andÏanother€intercalation€compound€€for€the€positive€electrode.€€Lithium„ion€technologies€are€lessÏreactive€with€water€and€are€more€thermally€stable.ÌÌThe€final€point€to€highlight€with€reference€to€the€thought€starter€is€that€the€ððthreat€analysisðð€[Table€1Ïof€Paper€ST/SG/AC.10/C.3/1999/36]€shows€the€same€threats€for€large€and€small€batteries.€€AlthoughÏthis€suggests€that€the€purpose€of€testing€should€be€the€same€for€all€ranges€of€batteries€it€does€notÏmean€that€the€tests€used€for€these€purposes€must€be€the€same€for€all€ranges€of€batteries.€Nevertheless,Ïit€appears€that€one€series€of€tests€may€be€acceptable€and€thus€one€series€of€tests€is€proposed€in€theÏthought€starter€for€all€ranges€of€batteries.ÌÌÌÐ Õ1/5ý· ÐÑ RÑÑűÑÑÅÅÑÑ  Ñò òThought€Starteró óÐ e ÐÌò òRecommendation€Aó ó:€€It€is€recommended€that€the€Recommendations€on€the€Transport€of€DangerousÐ %À ÐGoods€Model€Regulations,€eleventh€revised€edition,€be€amended€as€follows:ÌÌð ðReplace€SP€188,€230€and€287€with€Ìò òSP€188€€ó óÐ ¨ C ÐÌ1.€€à ‰ àA€battery€intended€to€use€lithium€(metal€or€alloy)€or€lithium„ion€technology€in€its€operation€is€aÐ h  Ðlithium€battery.€€A€battery€includes€a€cell€or€module.€[òòIt€is€suggested€that€there€is€no€need€to€try€toÐ H ã  Ðdefine€a€battery€beyond€its€dictionary€definition.óó]Ð (à  ÐÌ2.€€à ‰ àEach€lithium€battery€must€be€designed€or€packaged€in€such€a€way€as€to€prevent€an€externalÐ èƒ  Ðshort€circuit€under€conditions€normal€in€transport.Ìà0 ‰ àÐ ‰#‰# Ð3.€à ‰ àTo€preclude€a€violent€rupture€under€conditions€normal€in€transport€each€lithium€battery€mustÐ ˆ#  Ðincorporate€a€safety€venting€device€or€be€designed€to€preclude€such€a€rupture.Ìà0 ‰ àÐ ‰#‰# Ð4.€€à ‰ àEach€lithium€battery€must€be€packed€in€strong€packagings€or€be€contained€in€an€equivalent€caseÐ (à Ðor€device€so€as€to€prevent€a€puncture€or€crushing€of€the€battery€under€conditions€normal€in€transport.€Ìà0 ‰ àÐ ‰#‰# Ð5.€€à ‰ àEach€lithium€battery€is€assigned€to€Category€A,€B€or€C€according€to€the€following€table,€whereÐ Èc ÐQ€is€the€maximum€amount€of€lithium€or€lithium€equivalent€content€which€is€expected€to€be€in€theÏbattery€at€some€point€during€its€lifetime.€€Lithium€content€means€the€mass€of€lithium€in€the€battery.€ÏLithium€equivalent€content€means,€for€a€lithium„ion€battery,€0.3€times€the€rated€capacity€of€theÏbattery€in€ampere„hours,€with€the€result€expressed€as€grams.€Ìà0 ‰ àà a à€€Ð ‰#‰# ÐÔ*qƒ  Þddd Xdd Xdd X±#±#qÔÔ,$ ZZ@ÔÔ,ÄZZ@ÔÔ,WZZ@ÔÔ,ÄZZ@ÔÔ,0 ZZ@ÔÔ+  ÔÐ ," £ €€‚‚ƒƒ„C„,ÐCategory€AÌÐ 'èƒC" „C„'ÐÐ '£C „C„'ÐCategory€BÐ '£C" „C„'ÐÐ '£ C „C„'ÐCategory€CÌÐ(èƒ"C" (ÐÔ*“ƒ ÞdÞd$ ZZ@ÄZZ@WZZ@ÄZZ@0 ZZ@ ±#±#“ÔÔ,?jZ@ÔÔ,[jZ@ÔÔ,íjZ@ÔÔ,ûjZ@ÔÔ,+jZ@ÔÔ,ìjZ@ÔÔ,ÍjZ@ÔÔ,Zjj@ÔÔ+  ÔÐ ," Ôo" €€‚‚ƒƒ„C„,ÐLiÌ(LiÏcontent)Ð '” /%C" „C„'ÐLi„IonÌ(Li€equivalentÌcontent)Ð '” /(C" „C„'ÐÐ 'Ôo)C" „C„'ÐLiÌ(Li€content)Ð '´O+C" „C„'ÐLi„IonÌ(Li€equivalentÌcontent)Ð '” /.C" „C„'ÐÐ 'Ôo/C" „C„'ÐLiÌ(Li€content)Ð '´O1C" „C„'ÐLi„IonÌ(Li€equivalentÌcontent)Ð A€ 0” /4C" €ú€‚‚ƒƒ„C„AÐÌQ€<=€2gÐ ;€ *p" 6C  „C„;ÐÌQ€<=€8gÐ ;€ *p" 8C  „C„;ÐÐ ;€ *!+9C  „C„;ÐÌQ€<=€25gÐ ;€ *p" ;C  „C„;ÐÌQ€<=€50gÐ ;€ *p" =C  „C„;ÐÐ ;€ *!+>C  „C„;ÐÌQ€>€25gÐ =€ *p" @C  „C„=ÐÌQ€>€50gÐ:0.p" BC  ú    :ÐÌ[òòThe€above€table€is€proposed€as€adequate€for€all€cells€and€batteries.€€Some€delegates€haveÐ Z%õC Ðsuggested€that€two€tables€should€be€retained.€€€One€with€Categories€A,€B€and€C€defined€for€cellsÏand€the€other€with€Categories€A,€B€and€C€defined€for€batteries.€€If€this€were€to€be€done€there€wouldÏhave€to€be€definitions€establishing€a€relevant€consistent€difference€between€batteries€and€cells.óó]€Ð ú'•"F ÐÌ6.€€à ‰ àA€lithium€battery€in€Category€A€may€be€transported€without€meeting€any€requirements€of€theseÐ º)U$H Ðregulations€other€than€paragraphs€2,€3€and€4€of€this€special€provision.€€ÌÌ7.à ‰ àA€lithium€battery€in€Category€B€may€be€transported€without€meeting€any€requirements€of€theseÐ Z,õ&K Ðregulations€other€than€paragraphs€2,€3€and€4€of€this€special€provision€provided€its€battery€type€hasÏbeen€tested€according€to€Part€III,€sub„section€38.3€of€the€Manual€of€Tests€and€Criteria€and€hasÏpassed€the€tests.€€[òòShould€a€ð ðmarkðð€be€required€on€a€battery€to€show€its€type€has€been€tested?óó]Ð ú.•)N Ðâ âÐ Ú/u*O ÐÔ& ` Ôâ â8.€à ‰ àA€lithium€battery€in€Category€C€may€be€transported€provided€its€battery€type€has€been€testedÐ e Ðaccording€to€Part€III,€sub„section€38.3€of€the€Manual€of€Tests€and€Criteria€and€has€passed€the€tests.€ÏIn€this€case€the€these€regulations€apply€and€the€primary€class€is€Class€9.€[òòShould€a€ð ðmarkðð€beÐ %À Ðrequired€on€a€battery€to€show€its€type€has€been€tested?óó]Ð   ÐÔ'`eÆ$Ôà0 ‰ àÐ ‰#‰# Ð9.€à ‰ àA€lithium€battery€which€does€not€satisfy€the€provisions€of€paragraph€6,€7€or€8€may€only€beÐ Å ` Ðtransported€with€special€authorization€granted€by€the€competent€authority.Ìà0 ‰ àÐ ‰#‰# Ð10.€à ‰ àNew,€uncycled€and€uncharged€lithium€ion€batteries€are€not€subject€to€these€Regulations€if:Ð e  ЀÌà ‰ à(a)à0 a àthe€electrolyte€does€not€meet€the€definition€of€any€class€or€division€in€these€Regulations;Ð %À  ÐorÐ a#a# ÐÌà ‰ à(b)à0 a àthe€electrolyte€meets€the€definition€of€a€class€or€division€in€these€Regulations€but€theÐ Å`  Ðelectrolyte€will€not€flow€from€a€ruptured€or€cracked€case€and€there€is€no€free€liquid€toÏflow.ððÐ … a#a# Ðò òRecommendation€Bó ó:€€It€is€recommended€that€sub„section€38.3€of€the€Manual€of€Tests€and€CriteriaÐ e Ðbe€amended€to€read€as€follows:Ìà0 ‰ àÐ ‰#‰# Ðò òð ð38.3€€Lithium€Batteriesó óÐ £ Ðà0 ‰ àÐ ‰#‰# Ð38.3.1€€€€This€section€sets€out€the€tests€to€be€applied€in€determining€if€lithium€batteries€may€beÏtransported€under€Special€Provision€188€of€the€Model€Regulations.Ìà0 ‰ àÐ ‰#‰# Ð38.3.2€€€For€the€purposes€of€the€tests,€the€following€definitions€apply:ÌÌòòCycleóó€means€one€sequence€of€fully€charging€and€fully€discharging€a€rechargeable€battery.Ð (à  ÐÌòòDistortion€óómeans€the€change€in€any€dimension€of€a€battery€beyond€its€design€tolerances.Ð èƒ  ÐÌòòFully€chargedóó€battery€means€a€rechargeable€battery€which€has€been€charged€to€its€designed€startingÐ ¨C  Ðcondition€or€a€primary€battery€Ô‡?Ú??XXlÔwith€Ô#†XlX??Ú?‰-#Ôat€least€95%€of€its€rated€capacity.Ð ˆ#  ÐÌòòFully€dischargedóó€battery€means€either:Ð Hã ÐÌ€€a€primary€battery€which€has€been€discharged€to€remove€100%€of€its€rated€capacity;€orÌ€€a€rechargeable€battery€at€its€lowest€voltage€limit.ÌÌòòPrimaryóó€means€a€battery€which€is€not€designed€to€be€charged€or€recharged€electrically.Ð ¨C ÐÌòòRated€capacityóó€means€the€capacity,€in€ampere„hours,€of€a€battery€as€measured€by€subjecting€it€to€aÐ h Ðload,€temperature€and€voltage€cutoff€point€specified€by€the€manufacturer.ÌÌòòRechargeableóó€means€a€battery€which€is€designed€to€be€recharged€electrically.Ð £ ÐÌÝ‚ ÿÿÿÝÓ  ÓÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÝ  ÝÔ  ÔòòTypeóó€means€a€particular€electrochemical€system€and€physical€design€of€battery.€A€battery€whichÐ Èc Ðdiffers€from€a€tested€type€by:Ô º0ÔÌÝ‚ ÿÿÿ{0ƒÝÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÝ  ÝÌà0 ‰ à€€(a)€à a àa€change€of€more€than€20%€by€mass€to€the€cathode,€€anode€or€electrolyte;€orÐh! ‰#‰# ÐÌà0 ‰ à€€(b)€à a àa€change€that€would€materially€affect€the€test€resultsÐ(#Ã"‰#‰# ÐÌis€a€new€type€and€must€be€tested€as€a€new€type.ÌÌòòVentóó€means€the€intended€activation€of€the€pressure€relief€device€of€a€battery€to€allow€excessiveÐ ¨&C!& Ðinternal€pressure€to€be€safely€reduced€without€fire€or€rupture.Ìò ò€€ó óÐ h(#( Ð38.4€€ò òà a àTest€Series€STó óÐ H)ã#) ÐÌ38.4.1€€òòIntroductionóóÐ  +¦%+ ÐÌThese€tests€are€intended€for€batteries€identified€in€Special€Provision€188€as€being€subject€to€theseÏtests.€The€pressure€differential,€expansion€and€contraction,€vibration€and€shock€tests€are€designed€toÏdetermine€the€ability€of€batteries€to€withstand€exposure€to€environmental€conditions€encounteredÏduring€transport€without€a€resulting€internal€short€circuit€or€rupture.€€[See€attached€analysis,ÏTable1.]€€A€comparison€of€the€battery€appearance€before€and€after€these€tests€is€intended€to€detectÏbattery€damage€such€as€leakage€or€abnormal€venting,€the€disintegration,€cracking,€swelling€orÏdistortion€of€the€battery€pack,€or€any€other€observation€which€could€indicate€the€occurrence€of€anÏinternal€short€circuit€or€constitute€a€transportation€safety€hazard.Ð ë2†-4 Ї38.4.2€€€à a àòòApparatus€and€materialsóóÐ e ÐÌ38.4.€2.1€€à a àThe€following€apparatus€is€required€for€this€test:€a€balance€with€sufficient€accuracy€toÐ %À Ðdetect€mass€losses€identified€in€paragraph€38.4.4.1€(b),€a€vacuum€chamber,€a€controlled€temperature€Ïchamber,€a€vibration€machine€and€a€shock€test€apparatus.ÌÌ€38.4.2.2€€à a àThe€number€and€state€of€batteries€to€be€tested€for€each€battery€type€are:Ð ¥ @ ÐÌ€€à ‰ à(a)à0 a àFor€primary€batteries;€eight,€of€which€four€must€be€tested€in€the€fully€charged€state€andÐ e  Ðfour€must€be€tested€in€the€fully€discharged€state;Ð a#a# ÐÌà ‰ à(b)à0 a àFor€rechargeable€batteries;€eight,€of€which€four€must€be€tested€after€50€deep€cyclesÐ    Ðending€in€the€fully€charged€state,€and€four€must€be€tested€after€50€deep€cycles€ending€inÏthe€fully€discharged€state.Ð a#a# ÐÌ38.4.3€€€òòProcedureóóÐ …  ÐÌEach€battery€is€subjected€in€sequence€to€the€test€procedures€described€below.ÌÌ38.4.3.1€€€Pressure€Differential€€[òòTo€test€for€a€design€in€which€containment€fails€due€to€a€highÐ   Ð(relative)€internal€pressure.€€This€can€arise€through€external€depressurization€or€the€generation€ofÏinternal€pressure.óó]Ð Å` ÐÌBatteries€are€stored€at€Ô‡?Ú??XXlÔambient€temperature€Ô#†XlX??Ú?‘<#Ôfor€at€least€6€hours€at€an€absolute€pressure€equalÐ …  Ðto11.6kPa€or€less.ÌÌ38.4.3.2€€€Expansion€and€Contraction€[òòTo€test€for€a€design€in€which€internal€connections€are€notÐ %À Ðadequate€enough€to€avoid€an€internal€short€circuit.óó]Ð   ÐÌBatteries€are€stored€for€at€least€6€hours€at€a€temperature€equal€to€75€ð$ðC,€followed€by€at€least€6€hoursÐ Å` Ðat€a€temperature€equal€to€-20€ð$ðC.€€The€maximum€time€between€temperature€extremes€is€30€minutes.€Ð ¥@ ÐThe€cycle€is€repeated€for€a€total€of€10€times,€after€which€the€batteries€are€stored€at€room€temperatureÏfor€at€least€24€hours.ÌÌ38.4.3.3€€€Vibration€€[òòTo€test€for€a€design€in€which€internal€connections€are€not€adequate€enough€toÐ %#À" Ðavoid€an€internal€short€circuit€or€the€integrity€of€the€unit€fails€due€to€vibration.óó]Ð $ # ÐÌBatteries€are€firmly€secured€to€the€platform€of€the€vibration€machine€without€distorting€the€batteriesÏin€such€a€manner€as€to€faithfully€transmit€the€vibration.€€The€vibration€shall€be€a€sinusoidal€waveformÏwith€a€logarithmic€sweep€between€7€Hz€and€200€Hz€and€back€to€7€Hz,€traversed€in€15€minutes.€€ThisÏcycle€shall€be€repeated€12€times€for€a€total€of€3€hours€for€each€of€three€mutually€perpendicularÏmounting€positions€of€the€battery.€€One€of€the€directions€of€vibration€must€be€perpendicular€to€theÏterminal€face.ÌÌThe€logarithmic€frequency€sweep€is€as€follows:€from€7€Hz€a€peak€acceleration€of€10€m/sòò2óóÐ å+€&, Ð(approximately€1€g)€is€maintained€until€18€Hz€is€reached.€The€amplitude€is€then€maintained€at€0.8€mmÏ(1.6€mm€total€excursion)€and€the€frequency€increased€until€a€peak€acceleration€of€80€m/sòò2óó€occursÐ ¥-@(. Ð(approximately€50€Hz).€€A€peak€acceleration€of€80€m/sòò2óó€is€then€maintained€until€the€frequency€isÐ …. )/ Ðincreased€to€200€Hz.ÌÌ38.4.3.4€€€Shock€€[òòTo€test€for€a€design€in€which€internal€connections€are€not€adequate€enough€toÐ %1À+2 Ðavoid€an€internal€short€circuit€or€the€integrity€of€the€unit€fails€due€to€shock.óó]Ð 2 ,3 ÐÐ å2€-4 ÐBatteries€are€secured€to€the€shock€test€apparatus€by€means€of€a€rigid€mount€in€such€a€manner€as€toÏfaithfully€transmit€the€shock€impact€without€distorting€the€batteries.€Each€battery€is€subjected€to€threeÏshocks€in€the€positive€direction,€followed€by€three€shocks€in€the€negative€direction,€in€each€of€threeÏmutually€perpendicular€mounting€positions€of€the€cell,€for€a€total€of€18€shocks.€€One€of€the€directionsÏof€the€shock€must€be€perpendicular€to€the€terminal€face.€€The€minimum€peak€acceleration€should€beÏ50€g€in€a€half„sine€waveform€over€a€minimum€duration€of€11€milliseconds.ÌÌ38.4.4€€òòò òSeries€ST€test€criteria€and€method€of€assessing€resultsóóó óÐ …  ÐÌÔ‡?Ú??XXlÔ38.4.4.1€€€A€lithium€battery€does€not€pass€the€test€if,€for€any€one€of€the€units€of€that€type€required€to€beÐ H ã  ÐtestedÌÌà0 ‰ à(a)à0a‰#‰#àventing€[other€than€venting€of€gases€during€the€expansion€and€contraction€test],€leaking,Ð ¸S  Ðdistortion,€rupture,€short€circuit€or€fire€is€evident;Ð a#a# ÐÌà0 ‰ à(b)à a àfor€a€battery€with€a€mass€more€than€1.0g,€the€maximum€mass€loss€is€not€greater€than€0.2%;€orÐ(à ‰#‰# ÐÌà0 ‰ à(c)à0a‰#‰#àin€the€case€of€rechargeable€batteries,€the€four€batteries€which€were€fully€charged€at€theÐ Èc Ðbeginning€of€the€test€are€fully€discharged€and€after€repeated€cycling,€any€one€batteryððs€capacityÏdoes€not€recover€to€within€10%€of€the€average€capacity€of€the€four€batteries€which€were€fullyÏdischarged€at€the€beginning€of€the€test.ððÐ a#a# ÐÔ#†XlX??Ú?òG#ÔÌÐ  èƒ ÐÑÑÑTRPØ'3W\Ð6Â&A4 Ø'3ÿ Letter LandscapeÐ6Â&A4TÑÑ8ÅÑÑ8ÅÑÒбÒÒбÒÓ  Óò òÑ ý ÑTable€1:Ð 8 ÐÓ  Óó óÌÌññÔ*ƃ ÞdÞd?jZ@[jZ@íjZ@ûjZ@+jZ@ìjZ@ÍjZ@Zjj@ÐÀ0ÐÀ0ÆÔññññÔ*̃fdÞd?jZ@[jZ@íjZ@ûjZ@+jZ@ìjZ@ÍjZ@Zjj@ÐÀ0ÐÀ0ÌÔñññññ|ñÔ,;jZ@ÔÔ,¸ jZ@ÔÔ,ÅjZ@ÔÔ,”jj@Ôñ|ññññ€ñññÔ,³jZ@ÔÔ,¸ jZ@ÔÔ,ÅjZ@ÔÔ,”jj@Ôñññ€ññññ€ñÔ,zjZ@ÔÔ,ñ jZ@ÔÔ,ÅjZ@ÔÔ,”jj@Ôñ€ññññ‚ñññÔ,zjZ@ÔÔ,  jZ@ÔÔ,jZ@ÔÔ,”jj@Ôñññ‚ññƒññ‚ñÔ,zjZ@ÔÔ,  jZ@ÔÔ,mjZ@ÔÔ,=jj@Ôñ‚ññƒññƒñÔ,zjZ@ÔÔ,  jZ@ÔÔ,mjZ@ÔÔ,òjj@ÔñƒñÔ+  ÔÐ 1€ " Ø  €€‚‚ƒƒ„C„1ÐÒ @ûþ ÒÔ‡ÂãžÂXXlÔÐ 9€ *è°C  „C„9ÐÒ @Ð Ò€Ô#†XlXÂÂãž©R#Ôò òConcerns€during€TransportÐ 9€ *è°C  „C„9ЀPotential€Solutions€(Lithium€devices)Ð =€ *è°C  „C„=ЀPotential€Solutions€(Lithium„Ion€devices)ó óÐ L€ =%è°C    €€‚‚ƒƒ„C„LÐÒ @ûþ ÒÔ‡ÂãžÂXXlÔÐ 9€ *ÔœC  „C„9ÐÒ @Ð ҀР9€ *Ôœ C  „C„9ЀР=€ *Ôœ C  „C„=ЀРL€ =%Ôœ C   €€‚‚ƒƒ„C„LÐÒ @ûþ Ò1Ð 9€ *”\ C  „C„9ÐÒ @Ð Ò€òòElectrical€Current€External€to€DeviceóóÐ 9€ *”\ C  „C„9Ѐ„€protect€during€transport€by€isolating€anode€from€cathode€orÏtransport€device€without€a€chargèР=€ *â ªC  „C„=Ѐ„€protect€during€transport€by€isolating€anode€from€cathode€orÏtransport€device€without€a€chargeÐ L€ =%; C    €€‚‚ƒƒ„C„LÐ2.Ð 9€ *¢ jC  „C„9ЀòòGeneration€of€Heat€by:€€óóÐ ¢ j Ѐ€Ì€„€short€circuit̀̀̀„€burning€of€lithium̀̀„€burning€of€lithium„ionÌ€€€€Ì€„€voltage€reversal€or€forced€discharge€Ì€Ì€Ìñ~ñÌñ~ñ€(„€re„charging)Ì€€€Ð 9€ *ÄŒ"C  „C„9Ѐ̀̀„€build€and€package€to€resist€defined€test€values€for€shock,€vibration,€Ïexpansion€and€contraction;€package€to€resist€crush̀̀„€prevent€release€of€lithium,€see€row€3€below€Ì€Ì€„€...̀̀„€protect€during€transport€by€isolating€anode€from€cathode€orÏtransport€€€€€€batteries€without€a€charge.€€Otherwise,€not€an€issue€inÏtransportÌ€Ìñ„ññ}ñÌñ}ññ„ñ€„€not€an€issue€in€transport̀Р=€ *ÄŒ1C  „C„=Ѐ̀̀„€build€and€package€to€resist€defined€test€values€for€shock,Ïvibration,€expansion€and€contraction;€package€to€resist€crush̀̀„€...̀̀„€prevent€access€to€lithium€ion,€see€row€3€below.̀̀„€protect€during€transport€by€isolating€anode€from€cathode€orÏtransport€batteries€without€a€charge.€€Otherwise,€not€an€issueÏin€transport̀̀„€not€an€issue€in€transport̀РN€ =%ÄŒ@C    €€‚‚ƒƒ„C„NÐ3.Ð ;€ *„LAC  „C„;ЀòòRelease€of€lithium,€access€to€lithium„ion€orÐ „LB Ðrelease€of€electrolyteóó€€(possible€consequencesÐ +óC Ðinclude€corrosive€gases€lithium€monoxide,Ïlithium€hydroxide,€lithium€carbonate;€hydrogenÏif€released€into€water;€fire;€and€corrosiveÏelectrolyte)òò€resulting€fromóó:Ð ÇG Ѐ̀„€punctureÌ€€€Ì€„€€crush̀̀„€€internal€pressureÌ€€€€€€€€€€*€opensÌ€€€€€€€€€€*€explodes̀Р;€ *¦nPC  „C„;Ѐ̀̀̀̀̀̀̀„€package€to€resist€puncture.̀̀„€package€to€resist€crush.̀̀„€protect€from€heat,€including€heat€generated€as€described€in€numberÏ2€above.€€Altitude€consideration.Ð =€ *X ]C  „C„=Ѐ̀̀̀̀̀̀̀„€package€to€resist€puncture.̀̀„€package€to€resist€crush.̀̀„€protect€from€heat,€including€heat€generated€as€described€inÏnumber€2€above.€€Altitude€consideration.Ð5+)X jC     5Ðà0 ¨ àÐ ¨À0¨À0 Ðà0 ¨ àComments:€€€€€€€€€€€€€„The€above€suggests€the€use€of€tests€to€cover€shock€(drop€test€for€large€mass€units?),€vibration,€expansion€and€contraction€as€these€contribute€to€òòshort€circuitóó€and€tests€to€coverÐ  Õk Ðshock€pressure€differential€(altitude)€as€these€contribute€to€òòrupture.óó€€Protection€from€puncture€and€crush€is€to€be€derived€from€packaging€requirements.д|l¨À0¨À0 Ðà0 ¨ àà0€¨À0¨À0à„Pass€criteria€to€be:€no€evidence€of€short€circuit,€no€visible€leakage€or€deformation.Ð €À0€À0 ÐÔ#†XlXÂÂãžnT#Ôà0 ¨ àñ‰ññ…ñÐ #!Ên¨À0¨À0ý #Ðñ…ññˆñÑÅ8Ññˆññ†ñÑTRW\Ð6Â&A4PØ'3Ð6Â&A4 Ø'3ÿ Letter LandscapeTÑñ†ññ‰ñ