WPC (31j]~z4 9B>@2:L?_xݤ^JA< :Zw? xŤ'QH1wzԍ=( ^0}nYqw\]iκXiIv#ZD̨ >ȋh> Ŷ̹mWj}"ۊJdӯHM/Vho"8ْ]sz֩ =pC,ʫRDٰk;άw ẑ,xyTƁtlNLnfD <Jջ2Gi1 "7^sK Ji7vL3F~tɈv z6k(ZE+n@FmHMy`pik1o`ߪT(’[۽V#=Fw?ʟP`s0/~"]]QPJ459J?8wKY")F疀b7&y[8Ta} 㪷E,# hUNs % 0UBw@ 1U# 1mx4 0 6 0 0fa B  0! 0 0U.- hU[[[[[[[ B 0NHP LaserJet IIIPHPPCL5MS0vL(9 Z 6Times New Roman RegularX(W$UKUS.,..,,        TRW\6&A4`&6A4 Landscape6&A4&6A4 LandscapeT\  `*Times New RomanTT )D*D+U,D-U.D/V0D1D2U$359=AEIMQ1# e37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)&$3|x2  'UKUS.,..,,         UN/SCETDG/16/INF.19page  1  (3$ W!UKUS.,..,,        TRW\6&A43'6&A43'T   , (UKUS.,..,,         @aa)a   p   UN/SCETDG/16/INF.19  @aaaa   p   page  1  (3$ W!UKUS.,..,,        TRW\6&A43'6&A43'T  H4heading 1heading 1&        #&&&W\  `*Times New RomanTTW     UK  US     W\  `*Times New RomanTTW>4X` hp x (#>'  TABLE AdL6Block TextBlock Text  nnF !"XXXW\  `*Times New RomanTTW        W\  `*Times New RomanTTW>4X` hp x (#>H4Body TextBody Text n  :    nn"&&&W\  `*Times New RomanTTW        W\  `*Times New RomanTTW>4X` hp x (#>P8Body Text 3Body Text 3 n     &&&W\  `*Times New RomanTTW        W\  `*Times New RomanTTW%2A`ArialTTCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCTABLE A d>$"Small Circle"0  W!UKUS.,..,,        TRW\6&A43'6&A43'T  ((X%*XXX   7##X%*XXX%*#X%*XXX%*  OZUK., XX%*UN/SCETDG/16/INF.19#X%*X#   ((#X%*XXX%*#X%*XXX%***E1 d < tL$XE 3COMMITTEEOFEXPERTSONTHETRANSPORTOFDANGEROUSGOODS    D ))SubCommitteeofExpertsonthe $ TransportofDangerousGoods  (Geneva,516July1999,agendaitem#X%*XXX%*#X%*XXX%*UK.,OZ.,Ԁ5(f))   @iiaMISCELLANEOUSDRAFTAMENDMENTSTOTHEMODELREGULATIONS #X%*XXX%*-#@a Infectioussubstances   D  @ a Proposedamendmentstosection2.6.3   @  aTransmittedbytheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)     Rationale I Infectioushealthcarewastes  D  +  +W"0    Theclassificationofinfectioussubstancesaccordingtotheriskgroupsinsection2.6.3.2would  notbefeasibleforhealthcarewastes.ThisclassificationisbasedoncriteriadevelopedbyWHOforlaboratoriesandtheirwastes,butnotforwastesfromhealthcareactivities.Whereasinlaboratoriestheinfectioussubstancesareusuallywelldefined,itisinpracticenotfeasibletosegregatewastesfromhealthcareactivitiesintotheseclasses:+Wr݌ ## Ќ  0  Anexample:Apatiententeringahospitalusuallyproduceswastebeforebeingdiagnosed(diagnostictestsetc.).Whenthediagnosed,thedoctorwillknowaboutthedisease,butnotspecificallythenursetreatingthepatientandproducingmostofthewaste.Inanumberofcases,thediseasewillneverbediagnosed. ## +  + "0    Thecurrentdefinitionofwastes(transportedunderUN3291,para.2.6.3.1.5, wastesderived i  fromthemedicaltreatmentofanimalsorhumansorfrombio-researchwherethereisrelativelylowprobabilitythatinfectioussubstancesarepresent)maygiverisetomisinterpretation.+ 6 ݌)!d"## Ќ  +  + "0    Whenwastefromhealthcareactivitiesisconsideredtohavemorethanarelativelylow "$ $ probabilitythatinfectioussubstancesarepresent,theapplicationofpackaginginstructions620 #!% seemverycumbersome,notjustifiedandverycostly.+ ݌$!&## Ќ  0  Forthesereasons,themainchangesintheUNdocumentarethefollowing: ## +  +"0    Infectioushealthcarewasteisnownotanymoreconsideredasasubstance,butaswaste. )(d%* Consequently,thepackagingrequirementswillbelesscostly/cumbersome(mosthealthcarewastesarenowfallingunderpackagingrequirements621,andnotanymoreunder620).Infectioushealthcarewasteisdefinedasdiscardedmaterialsfromhealthcareactivitieson *(- humansoranimalswhichhavethepotentialoftransmittinginfectiousagentstohumans.Theseincludediscardedmaterialsorequipmentfromthediagnosis,treatmentandpreventionofdisease,assessmentofhealthstatusoridentificationpurposes,thathavebeenincontactwithbloodanditsderivatives,tissues,tissuefluidsorexcreta,orwastesfrominfectionisolationwards.Suchwastesshallinclude,butarenotlimitedto,culturesandstocks;tissues;dressings,swabsorotheritemssoakedwithblood;syringeneedles;scalpels;diapers;bloodbags.Incontinencematerialfromnursinghomes,hometreatmentorfromspecializedhealthcareestablishmentswhichdonotroutinelytreatinfectiousdiseases(e.g.psychiatricclinics)isanexceptiontothisdefinitionandareisnotconsideredasinfectioushealthcarewaste. +݌#2/6## #Ќ  +  +s"0    Althoughsomedomesticwastemayseemsimilartoinfectioushealthcarewaste(suchasbabies E diapersetc),theprobabilitythatinfectioushealthcarewastecontainspathogensismuchhigherthanindomesticwaste,whichjustifiesspecialtransportrequirements.+s݌ ## Ќ  +  +"0    Healthcarewasteswillnotanymorebeclassifiedaccordingtothespecificpathogentheycontain.+5݌ `## Ќ  +  + "0    Specialwastesfromresearchinvolvingknownpathogens(e.g.researchonHIV,ebolaetc.)will   stillhavemorerestrictivepackagingrequirements(stilltransportedunder620).+ $݌ ## Ќ  ----++,  %  ,*wddd Xdd Xdd X##w,dd ,dd +  ,"   C, #& &XX%*Infectioushealthcarewaste ' C C' @   ! '##!8 Discardedmaterialsfromhealthcareactivitiesonhumansoranimals   whichhavethepotentialoftransmittinginfectiousagentstohumans.Theseincludediscardedmaterialsorequipmentfromthediagnosis,treatmentandpreventionofdisease,assessmentofhealthstatusoridentificationpurposes,thathavebeenincontactwithbloodanditsderivatives,tissues,tissuefluidsorexcreta,orwastesfrominfectionisolationwards.Suchwastesshallinclude,butarenotlimitedto,culturesandstocks;tissues;dressings,swabsorotheritemssoakedwithblood;syringeneedles;scalpels;diapers;bloodbags.  b" b" Incontinencematerialfromnursinghomes,hometreatmentorfromspecializedhealthcareestablishmentswhichdonotroutinelytreatinfectiousdiseases(e.g.psychiatricclinics)isanexceptiontothisdefinitionandareisnotconsideredasinfectioushealthcarewaste. @    ! #'#!Sharps ,whethercontaminatedornot,shouldbeconsideredasasubgroupof N infectioushealthcarewasteIncludes:Syringeneedles,scalpels,infusionsets,knives,blades,broken  glass =0SC C=Anatomichealthcarewaste 7*;C C7Consistsofrecognizablebodyparts G=%; C   CGPharmaceuticalhealthcarewaste 'E"C C'Consistingof/orcontainingpharmaceuticalsIncludes:pharmaceuticalsexpired,nolongerneeded;theircontainers, E$ itemscontaminatedbyorcontainingpharmaceuticals(bottles,boxes) :0 %C C:Genotoxichealthcarewaste ' &C C'Consistingof,orcontainingsubstanceswithgenotoxicproperties&  @  @    ##& &&& & &&&     UKUK.,   @   Includes:cytotoxicandantineoplasicdrugs;genotoxicchemicals "!--UK.,UK.,    & &&& & &&&  ##'!!--,,**!!  :0!R(C C:Chemicalhealthcarewaste '"*)C C'Consistingof,orcontainingchemicalsubstancesIncludes:laboratorychemicals;filmdeveloper;disinfectantsexpiredorno \#+ longerneeded;solvents,cleaningagentsandother :0)$,C C:Healthcarewasteswithhighcontentofheavymetals&  @  @ ҹ   ##& &&& & &&&     UKUK.,  'h'"0C C' @   Consistsofmaterialsandequipmentwhichincludeheavymetalsand %1 derivativesintheirstructure. &  Include:batteries;brokenthermometers;manometeres y'%--UK.,UK.,    & &&& & &&&  ##'&%--,,**!!  :0&6!3C C:Pressurizedcontainers& g @  @ ҹ   ##& &&& & &&&     UKUK.,  ' )#5C C' @   Consistsofcontainers(fullorempty)withpressurizedliquid,gasorpowderedmaterials .*  Includes:gascylindersandcartridges;aerosolcans *&)--UK.,UK.,    & &&& & &&&  ##'g@(6)--,,**!!  :0)u$8C C:Radioactivehealthcarewaste 'L,&;C C'Consistingin,orcontainingradioactivesubstancesIncludes:unusedliquidsfromradiotherapyorlaboratoryresearch; +&= contaminatedglassware,packagesorabsorbentpaper;urineandexcretafrompatientstreatedortestedwithunsealedradionuclides;sealedsources(-'?C  (.  -(? ./  -(? /&ܪ &&&    &&ܪRecommendationsonthe#&ܪ &  (.#b  &&ܪ#  b .#b  TRANSPORTOFDANGEROUSGOODS#&ܪ & b.#e  &&ܪModelRegulations ;  UnitedNations,1997#&ܪ & e(/#2nddraft,22June1999  w #& & &&ܪ.# 2.6.3Division6.2-Infectioussubstances  e 2.6.3.1Definitions  ForthepurposesoftheseRegulations:2.6.3.1.1Infectioussubstancesarethosesubstancesknownorreasonablyexpectedtocontainpathogens.Pathogens 3  aredefinedasmicro-organisms(includingbacteria,viruses,rickettsia,parasites,fungi)orrecombinantmicro-organisms(hybridormutant),thatareknownorreasonablyexpectedtocauseinfectiousdiseaseinanimalsorhumans.n  Note1:However,theyarenotsubjecttotheRegulationsforthisDivisioniftheyareunlikelytocause 4  humanoranimaldiseasen! nn""#!Note2:InfectioussubstancesaresubjecttotheRegulationsforthisDivisiononlyiftheyarecapableofspreadingdiseasewhenexposuretothemoccurs.00  B+n n v &~.6 nn""B2.6.3.1.2Biologicalproductsarethoseproductsderivedfromlivingorganisms,thataremanufacturedand   distributedinaccordancewiththerequirementsofnationalgovernmentalauthoritieswhichmayhavespeciallicensingrequirements,andareusedeitherforprevention,treatment,ordiagnosisofdiseaseinhumansoranimals,orfordevelopment,experimentalorinvestigationalpurposesrelatedthereto.Theyinclude,butnotlimitedto,finishedorunfinishedproductssuchasvaccinesanddiagnosticproducts.00  ! nnz""nnX!'nn "nnz""'ForthepurposesoftheseRegulations,biologicalproductsaredividedintothefollowinggroups:-A)"nn X-(a)0  Thosewhichcontainpathogensinriskgroup1;thosewhichcontainpathogensundertheconditionsthat j theirabilitytoproducediseaseisverylowtonone;andthoseknownnottocontainpathogens.SubstancesinthisGrouparenotconsideredinfectioussubstancesforthepurposesoftheseRegulations; ##   (b)0  Thosemanufacturedandpackagedinaccordancewiththerequirementsofnationalgovernmentalhealth 9 authoritiesandtransportedforthepurposesoffinalpackagingdistribution,anduseforpersonalhealthcarebymedicalprofessionalsorindividuals.SubstancesinthisGrouparenotsubjecttoetheregulationsapplicabletoDivision6.2. ## Ѐ(c)0  Thoseknownorreasonablyexpectedtocontainpathogensinriskgroups2,3,or4whichdonotmeetthe  :" criteriaof2.6.3.1.2(b)above.SubstancesinthisGroupshallbeclassifiedinDivision6.2underUN2814orUN2900,asappropriate. ##   Note:Somelicensedbiologicalproductsmaypresentabiohazardincertainpartsoftheworldonly.Inthat #n& competentauthoritiesmayrequirethesebiologicalproductstocomplywiththerequirementsforinfectioussubstancesormayimposeotherrestrictions.    2.6.3.1.3Diagnosticspecimensareanyhumanoranimalmaterialincluding,butnotlimitedto,excretedsecreta, '!* bloodanditscomponents,tissueandtissuefluidsbeingtransportedfordiagnosticorinvestigativepurposes,butexcludingliveinfectedanimals.  ForthepurposesoftheseRegulations,diagnosticspecimensaredividedintothefollowinggroups:(a)0  Thoseknownorreasonablyexpectedtocontainpathogensinriskgroups2,3or4andwherearelatively +p&0 lowprobabilityexiststhatpathogensofriskgroup4arepresent.ThesubstancesshallbeclassifiedinDivision6.2underUN2814orUN2900,asappropriate.SpecimenstransportedforthepurposesofinitialorconfirmatorytestingforthepresentpathogensfallwithinthisGroup; ## 3nn* "AX38 a 0aU"aU" U"U"   0nn* nn* X0(b)0  Thosewherearelativelylowprobabilityexiststhatpathogensofriskgroups2or3arepresent. /q*5 SpecimenstransportedforthepurposeofroutinescreeningtestsorinitialdiagnosisforotherthanthepresenceofpathogensfallwithinthisGroup;  ! ! n  3nn6 "nn* 38 a 0a!a! !! H(n n~.6 "nn6XH(c)0  Thoseknownnottocontainpathogens. 3-9T"T" K+n n v &~.6 nn~XK112.6.3.1.4Geneticallymodifiedmicro-organismsandorganismsinwhicharemicro-organismsand e organismsingeneticmaterialhasbeenpurposelyalteredthroughgeneticengineeringinawaythatdoesnotoccurnaturally.Theyaredividedintothefollowingcategories:'nn1""nnX'(a)0  Geneticallymodifiedmicro-organismswhichmeetthedefinitionofaninfectioussubstancesgiven 4 aboveshallbeclassifiedinDivision6.2andassignedtoUN2814ortoUN2900. T"T" (b)0  Geneticallymodifiedorganisms,whichareknownorsuspectedtobedangeroustohumans,animals   ortheenvironment,shallbetransportedinaccordancewithconditionsspecifiedbythecompetentauthorities; T"T" (c)0  Animalswhichcontainorarecontaminatedwithgeneticallymodifiedmicro-organismsandorganisms 4  thatmeetthedefinitionofaninfectioussubstanceshallbetransportedinaccordancewithconditionsspecifiedbythecompetentauthorities; T"T" (d)0  ExceptwhenauthorizedforunconditionalusebytheGovernmentsofthecountriesoforigin,transit h  anddestination,geneticallymodifiedmicro-organismswhichdonotmeetthedefinitionofinfectioussubstancesbutwhicharecapableofalteringanimals,plantsormicrobiologicalsubstancesinawaynotnormallytheresultofnaturalreproductionshallbeclassifiedinClass9andassignedtoUN3245. T"T"  2.6.3.1.5Infectioushealthcarewastes(transportedunderUN3291,Infectioushealthcarewastes)are i discardedmaterialsfromhealthcareactivitiesonhumansoranimalswhichhavethepotentialoftransmittinginfectiousagentstohumans.Theseincludediscardedmaterialsorequipmentfromthediagnosis,treatmentandpreventionofdisease,assessmentofhealthstatusoridentificationpurposes,thathavebeenincontactwithbloodanditsderivatives,tissues,tissuefluidsorexcreta,orwastesfrominfectionisolationwards.Suchwastesshallinclude,butarenotlimitedto,culturesandstocks;tissues;dressings,swabsorotheritemssoakedwithblood;syringeneedles;scalpels;diapers;bloodbags.Incontinencematerialfromnursinghomes,hometreatmentorfromspecializedhealthcareestablishmentswhichdonotroutinelytreatinfectiousdiseases(e.g.psychiatricclinics)isanexceptiontothisdefinitionandareisnotconsideredasinfectioushealthcarewaste. Decontaminatedwasteswhichpreviouslycontainedinfectioussubstancesareconsiderednon-dangerousunlessthecriteriaofanotherclassaremet. 2.6.3.1.6Wastesfrombioresearchinvolvingspecific,identifiedmicroorganismsshallbeassignedto l!# UN2814ortoUN2900,asappropriate.  * nn9 nn1""*2.6.3.2Classificationofinfectioussubstancesandassignmenttoriskgroups     B+n n v &~.6 nn9 B2.6.3.2.1Infectioussubstances thatarenothealthcarewastes(asdefinedunder2.6.3.1.5) shallbeclassified m% ( inDivision6.2andassignedtoUN2814orUN2900,asappropriate,onthebasisoftheirallocationtooneofthreeriskgroupsbasedoncriteriadevelopedbytheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)andpublishedintheWHO"LaboratoryBiosafetyManual,secondedition(1993)".    & 4 Ariskgroupischaracterizedbythepathogenicityoftheorganism,themodeandrelativeeaseoftransmission,thedegreeofrisktobothanindividualandacommunity,andthereversibilityofthediseasethroughtheavailabilityofknownandeffectivepreventiveagentsandtreatment.  '4q)RQ  2.6.3.2.2Thecriteriaforeachriskgroupaccordingtothelevelofriskareasfollows:  (a)0  RiskGroup4:apathogenthatusuallycausesserioushumanoranimaldiseaseandthatcanbereadily ?.(3 transmittedfromoneindividualtoanother,directlyorindirectly,andforwhicheffectivetreatmentandpreventivemeasuresarenotusuallyavailable(i.e.,highindividualandcommunityrisk);  T" T" (b)0  RiskGroup3:apathogenthatusuallycausesserioushumanoranimaldiseasebutdoesnot ordinarily s1,7 spreadfromoneinfectedindividualtoanother,andforwhichaffectivetreatmentandpreventivemeasuresareavailable(i.e.,highindividualriskandlowcommunityrisk);3-9 T" T" Ї(c)0  RiskGroup2:apathogenthatcancausehumanoranimaldiseasebutisunlikelytobeaserious e hazard,and,whilecapableofcausingseriousinfectiononexposure,forwhichthereareeffectivetreatmentandpreventivemeasuresavailableandtheriskofspreadofinfectionislimited(i.e.,moderateindividualriskandlowcommunityrisk).  T" T" $nnIK nnX$Note:RiskGroup1includesmicro-organismsthatareunlikelytocausehumanoranimaldisease(i.e.,no, f  orverylow,individualorcommunityrisk).Substancescontainingonlysuchmicro-organismsarenotconsideredinfectioussubstancesforthepurposesoftheseRegulations. 2.6.3.3Biologicalproducts,diagnosticspecimens,infectioushealthcarewasteandwastesfrom  5  bioresearch 2.6.3.3.1Biologicalproductsknowntocontain,orthoughtlikelytocontain,anyinfectioussubstancesshallmeettherequirementsforinfectioussubstances.Biologicalproductsreferredtoin2.6.3.1.2(a)and(b)arenotsubjecttotherequirementsapplicabletoDivision6.2.2.6.3.3.2Diagnosticspecimensknowntocontain,orthoughtlikelytocontain,anyinfectioussubstancesshallmeettherequirementsoftheseRegulationsapplicabletoinfectioussubstances.Diagnosticspecimensreferredtoin2.6.3.1.3(b)neednotmeettherequirementsforinfectioussubstanceswhenthefollowingconditionsaremet:(a)0  Theprimaryreceptacle(s)donotcontainmorethan100ml;6T"T" (b)0  Theouterpackagingdoesnotcontainmorethan500ml;kT"T" (c)0  Theprimaryreceptacle(s)areleakproof;andjT"T" (d)0  Thepackagingincludes:T"T" -a nnIK C-0  (i)0aT"T"aninnerpackagingcomprising:9aT"aT" 0  -0aT"T"watertightprimaryreceptacle(s);8aT"aT" 0  -0aT"T"awatertightsecondarypackaging;m!aT"aT" 0  -0aT"T"absorbentmaterialinsufficientquantitytoabsorbtheentirecontentsplacedbetweentheprimary l!# receptacle(s)andthesecondarypackaging;ifseveralprimaryreceptaclesareplacedinasinglesecondarypackaging,theyshallbeindividuallywrappedsoastopreventcontactbetweenthem; aT"aT" 0  (ii)0aT"T"anouterpackagingofadequatestrengthforitscapacity,massandintendeduse,andwitha $;' minimumexternaldimensionof100mm. aT"aT" ' nnE#a '  2.6.3.3.3Wastefrombioresearchinvolvingspecific,identifiedmicroorganismsorinfectioushealthcare '!* wasteshallmeettherelevantrequirementsforinfectioussubstancesapplicabletotheUNnumbertowhichtheyhavebeenassigned.  (<#,    n) $- n$nn0 !"nnE#$ 620 e nH.nn v &~.6 "nn0 !HPACKINGINSTRUCTION(Infectioussubstances)    B.nn v &~.6 "nnXBThepackagingshall,asdemonstratedbytests,becapableofpassingthedesigntypetestsdetailedin 4 Chapter6.3.Apackagingshallinclude:(a)0  Innerpackagingscomprising: 5  T" T" 0    T" T" 0  (i)0a T" T"watertightprimaryreceptacle(s);4 aT"aT" 0  0a T" T" aT"aT" 0  (ii)0a T" T"awatertightsecondarypackaging;i aT"aT" 0  0a T" T" aT"aT" 0  (iii)0a T" T"anabsorbentmaterialinsufficientquantitytoabsorbtheentirecontentsplacedbetween h  theprimaryreceptacle(s)andthesecondarypackaging;ifmultipleprimaryreceptaclesareplacedinasinglesecondarypackaging,theyshallbeindividuallywrappedsoastopreventcontactbetweenthem; aT"aT" -nn-6 "nnX-0 p 0 pT"pT"  T" T" (b)0 p Anouterpackagingofadequatestrengthforitscapacity,massandintendeduse.Thesmallest i externaldimensionshallbeatleast100mm. pT"pT" Q1nnL v &~.6 "nn-6XQK.nn v &~.6 "nnL XKInnerpackagingscontaininginfectioussubstancesshallnotbeconsolidatedwithinnerpackagingscontainingunrelatedtypesofgoods.Completepackagesmaybeoverpackedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsof1.2.1and5.1.2:suchanoverpackmaycontaindryice.:n nn>#nnXOtherthanforexceptionalconsignments,e.g.wholeorganswhichrequirespecialpackaging,infectioussubstancesshallbepackedinaccordancewiththefollowingrecommendations.$nn  nn>#$(a)0  Lyophilizedsubstances:Primaryreceptaclesshallbeflame-sealedglassampoulesor k rubber-stopperedglassvialsfittedwithmetalseals  ! ! 0    ! ! (b)0  Liquidorsolidsubstances:m! ! ! 0    ! ! - Pnn  -0  (i)0 ! !Substancesconsignedatambienttemperaturesoratahighertemperature.Primary l!# receptaclesshallbeofglass,metalorplastics.Positivemeansofensuringaleakproofsealshallbeprovided,e.g.aheatseal,askirtedstopperorametalcrimpseal.Ifscrewcapsareused,theyshallbereinforcedwithadhesivetape; !! 0  0 ! !   !! 0  0 ! !  (ii)0!!Substancesconsignedrefrigeratedorfrozen.Iceordryiceshallbeplacedaroundthe m% ( secondarypackaging(s).Interiorsupportsshallbeprovidedtosecuresecondarypackaging(s)inpositionaftertheiceordryicehasdissipated.Ificeisused,theouterpackagingshallbeleakproof.Ifdryiceisused,theouterpackagingshallpermitthereleaseofcarbondioxidegas.Theprimaryreceptacleandthesecondarypackagingshallmaintaintheirintegrityatthetemperatureoftherefrigerantused, !! 0    ! ! 0  (iii)0 ! !Substancesconsignedinliquidnitrogen.Plasticsprimaryreceptaclescapableof +%/ withstandingverylowtemperatureshallbeusedThesecondarypackagingshallalsobecapableofwithstandingverylowtemperatures,andinmostcaseswillneedtobefittedovertheprimaryreceptacleindividually.ProvisionsfortheconsignmentofliquidnitrogenshallalsobefulfilledTheprimaryreceptacleandthesecondarypackagingshallmaintaintheirintegrityatthetemperatureoftheliquidnitrogen. /)4!! -nn,6  P-Whatevertheintendedtemperatureoftheconsignment,theprimaryreceptacleorthesecondary /q*5 packagingshallbecapableofwithstandingwithoutleakageaninternalpressureproducingapressuredifferentialofnotlessthan95kPaandtemperaturesintherange-40$Cto+55$C. p1 ,7   3-9 ' nn/#nn,6X' 621PACKINGINSTRUCTION(Infectioushealthcarewastes)  e   ! nnA#nn/#!Rigid,leakproofpackagingsorIBCsinaccordancewiththerequirementsofChapters6.1or6.5forsolids,  atthePackingGroupIIperformancelevel,shallbeusedprovidedthereissufficientabsorbentmaterialtoabsorbtheentireamountofliquidpresentandthepackagingorIBCiscapableofretainingliquids.PackagescontaininglargerquantitiesofliquidshallbecarriedinrigidpackagingsorIBCsinaccordancewiththerequirementsofChapters6.Ior6.5atthePackingGroupIIperformancelevelforliquids.PackagingsorIBCsintendedtocontainsharpobjectssuchasbrokenglassandneedlesshallberesistanttopunctureandretainliquidsundertheperformancetestconditionsinChapters6.1or6.5.n:  B.nn v &~.6 "nnA#BIBC:IntermediateBulkContainer g   2@66#__________2