Multilateral agreements
List of Bilateral and Multilateral Agreements
Procedures to be followed for the communication of multilateral agreements concluded in accordance with Section 1.5.1 of ADR | |||
| |||
| 1) | The initiating country contacts the secretariat and informs it of its intention to initiate a multilateral agreement, the draft of which it transmits by e-mail or by mail. | ||
| 2) | The secretariat registers the title of the draft agreement and assigns it a serial number which it communicates immediately to the initiating country. | ||
| 3) | The initiating country includes the serial number in the heading of the draft agreement (e.g. "Multilateral agreement M252") and then proposes it to the other Contracting Parties to ADR. | ||
| 4) | As soon as the initiating country has reached agreement with the parties concerned on the final version of the clauses of the multilateral agreement, it transmits its signed copy to the secretariat in hard copy and electronically and transmits unsigned copies to the other Contracting Parties to ADR. | ||
| 5) | Each signatory country returns its signed copy to the initiating country and transmits a signed copy to the secretariat. | ||
| 6) | As soon as the secretariat receives the copy signed by a second signatory, the agreement is entered in a database which may be consulted on e-mail/Internet. | ||
| 7) | Each Contracting Party which revokes an agreement shall immediately so inform the secretariat. | ||
| 8) | The final clause of a multilateral agreement should be worded as follows: | ||
| 9) | Where a signatory country signs a multilateral agreement with reservations regarding its application, these reservations shall be expressly mentioned in the copy which it transmits to the secretariat. | ||
| Notes | |||
| a) | Date of expiry of the multilateral agreement which must be indicated by the initiating country in the final version it transmits to the secretariat and to the other Contracting Parties in accordance with paragraph (4) above. This date of expiry must correspond to a maximum period of validity of five years as from the date of signature by the initiating country. | ||
| b) | Date of signature for each country concerned. | ||
| * * * * * * * * * * | ||
Bilateral agreements
3582 Use of Dutch in transport documents
LIST OF MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS WITH LIST OF COUNTRIES AND DATES
M85 Use of the Scandinavian languages in transport documents
| COUNTRY | SIGNED | REVOKED |
| Norway | 15/12/1998 | |
| Denmark | 1/02/1999 | |
| Sweden | 15/02/1999 |
Date of Expiry: Until revoked by one of the Contracting Parties
View M85 in English.
M126 Transport of lithium batteries - Expired on 4 April 2008
M128 Carriage of 1081 Tetrafluoroethylene stabilized in tank - Expired on 1 November 2007
M130 Transport in tanks of UN 3375 AMMONIUM NITRATE EMULSION or SUSPENSION or GEL, intermediate for blasting explosives - Expired on 1 January 2008
M131 Transport of small quantities of UN 1057 lighters or lighter refills - Expired on 1 January 2008
M134 Equipement de citernes à déchets opérant sous vide - Expired on 1 May 2008
M137 Transport en vrac de déchets et résidus solides contaminés par des composés polyhalogénés de diphényles et terphényles (PCB et PCT) - Expired on 1 May 2008
M138 Transport of UN 2672 ammonia solution - Expired on 1 February 2008
M139 Admission d'épreuves d'étanchéité de substitution sur les générateurs d'aérosols pleins - Expired on 1 May 2008
M142 Carriage of UN 1963 Helium, Refrigerated Liquid and UN 1966 Hydrogen, Refrigerated Liquid - Expired on 1 February 2008
M143 Carriage of diagnostic specimens - Expired on 15 May 2008
M146 Transport de peroxydes organiques de type C, solides - Expired on 1 January 2009
M151 Training of drivers - Expired on 1 January 2009
M156 Language of the particulars to be entered in the transport document - Expired on 11 March 2009
M158 Carriage of sodium chlorate in tank-vehicles - Expired on 7 June 2009
M162 Carriage of UN 0335 and UN 0336 fireworks - Expired on 13 September 2009
M165 Limited Quantity pack size applicable to UN 1791 Packing Group III - Expired on 12 November 2009
M166 Carriage of 1057 lighters and 1057 lighter refills to retailers - Expired on 1 January 2010
M167 Carriage of UN 2037 RECEPTACLES, SMALL, CONTAINING GAS (GAS CARTRIDGES) with a capacity not exceeding 120 ml - Expired on 1 January 2010
M169 Transport de 3256 téréphtalate de diméthyle (DMT) et de 1230 méthanol dans un conteneur-citerne à vidange par le bas - Expired on 1 January 2010
M172 Carriage of certain wastes containing dangerous goods - Expired on 2 August 2010
M177 Transport document in delivery sale operations - Expired on 1 January 2011
M178 Language of the particulars to be entered in the transport document
| COUNTRY | SIGNED | REVOKED |
| Portugal | 13/02/2006 | |
| Spain | 1/03/2006 |
Date of Expiry: Until revoked by one of the Contracting Parties
View M178 in English
M180 Carriage of different gases of Class 2 in DOT cylinders in relation to 1.1.4.2 - Expired on 2 June 2011
M182 Carriage of UN 2059 NITROCELLULOSE SOLUTION, FLAMMABLE in IBCs - Expired on 12 June 2011
M183 Carriage in accordande with 1.1.3.6 and the information required in the transport document - Expired on 1 January 2009
M184 Maximum quantity of organic peroxides of Class 5.2 and self-reactive substances of Class 4.1 - Expired on 1 January 2009
M185 Application of the derogation of 1.1.4.2.1 to the carriage of substances of Class 9 which are not subject to the IMDG code or to the ICAO Technical Instructions in a transport chain including maritime or air carriage - Expired on 1 July 2009
M186 Carriage in accordance with special packing provision PP1 of packing instruction P001 - Expired on 1 January 2009
M187 Derogation from Special Provision 330 - Expired on 1 January 2009
M188 Carriage of 1081 Tetrafluoroethylene stabilized in tank- Expired on 1July 2012
M189 Orange-coloured plate marking of vehicles carrying tanks with a capacity of not more than 3000 litres - Expired on 1 January 2009
M190 Carriage of heatpipes containing anhydrous ammonia - Expired on 1 April 2013
M191 Training required for carriage of substances and articles of Class 1, classification code 1.4S - Expired on 30 June 2009
M192 Carriage in packagings to which packing instruction P801 applies - Expired on 1 January 2009
M193 Carriage of UN 2672 ammonia solution in rigid and composite IBCs - Expired on 1 February 2013
M194 Carriage of explosive substances and articles belonging to the Armed Forces set to be destroyed - Expired on 23 June 2013
M195 Carriage of small gas cylinders of compressed nitrogen (UN 1066) - Expired on 1 January 2011
M196 Carriage of liquid dangerous goods of various classes to which packing instructions P001, P400 or P402 are assigned, or to which Particular Requirement PR1 is assigned in the Table in 4.1.4.4 - Expired on 20 May 2013
M197 Carriage of cylinders intended for breathing apparatus - Expired on 1 January 2011
M198 Number of trailers in a transport unit - Expired on 11 June 2013
M199 Security provisions of Chapter 1.10 for the transport of animal material (Original version) - Expired on 1 January 2009
M199 Security provisions of Chapter 1.10 for the transport of animal material (Editorially revised version) - Expired on 1 January 2011
M200 Carriage of large battery-assemblies prototypes (UN 3090) - Expired on 1 January 2010
M201 Mobile explosives manufacturing units (MEMUs) - Expired on 30 June 2009
M202 Training of drivers - Expired on 31 december 2013
M203 Carriage in pressure receptacles of chlorosilanes, assigned to packing instruction P010 - Expired on 31 december 2012
M204 Carriage of 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole monohydrate under UN 3474- Expired on 1 July 2011
M205 Carriage of substances in class 9 which are not subject to the IMDG Code or to the ICAO Technical Instructions in a transport chain including maritime or air carriage - Expired on 1 June 2011
M206 Special marking provisions for environmentally hazardous substances - Expired on 1 January 2010
M207 Carriage in pressure receptacles of chlorosilanes, assigned to packing instruction P010 - Expired on 30 december 2012
M208 Additional equipments for carrying out emergency actions for the carriage of gases - Expired on 1 July 2011
M209 Carriage of UN 3468 Hydrogen in a metal hydride storage system - Expired on 31 December 2010
M210 Marking requirements in SP 188 for button cells installed in equipment - Expired on 31 December 2010
M211 Marking requirements in SP 188 for button cells installed in equipment - Expired on 31 December 2010
M212 Carriage of UN 0335 and 0336- Expired on 19 August 2014
M213 Transport of UN 1057 LIGHTERS and UN 1057 LIGHTER REFILLS - Expired on 1 January 2015
M214 Anti-lock braking system for trailers - Expired on 1 January 2011
M215 Carriage of UN 1011, UN 1075, UN 1965 and UN 1978 in pressure receptacles - Expired on 1 February 2015
M216 Transport de bouteilles pour appareils respiratoires - Expired on 1 January 2013
M217 Carriage of gas tanks or gas storage systems from motor vehicles powered by gases of UN Nos. 1011, 1049, 1075, 1954, 1965, 1966, 1969, 1971 or 1978 - Expired on 1 January 2013
M218 Placarding of containers used exclusively in a road transport operation - Expired on 1 January 2013
M219 Derogation from special provisions 188 and 230 concerning the test requirements for lithium metal and lithium ion batteries - Expired on 1 January 2011
M220 Carriage of pressure vessels for Class 2 or Class 8 substances in salvage pressure receptacles - Expired on 1 January 2014
M221 Carriage of vehicle fuel gas tanks or vehicle fuel gas storage systems containing gases of UN Nos. 1011, 1049, 1075, 1954, 1965, 1966, 1969, 1971 or 1978 - Expired on 1 January 2013
M222 Carriage of certain wastes containing dangerous goods - Expired on 2 August 2015
M223 Carriage of UN 1950 AEROSOLS - Expired on 1 January 2013
M224 Derogation from special provision 239 for the carriage of batteries, containing sodium, or cells, containing sodium (UN 3292) - Expired on 1 January 2013
M225 Number of trailers in a transport unit - Expired on 6 October 2015
M226 Carriage of desulfurization agents containing UN 1402 calcium carbide of Class 4.3, packing group I - Expired on 1 July 2015
M227 Carriage of uncleaned medical devices - Expired on 1 July 2013
M228 Carriage of pre-production prototypes of large Lithium-ion batteries assemblies (UN 3480) - Expired on 27 December 2015
M229 Vibration testing of Intermediate Bulk Containers - Expired on 1 January 2016
M230 Carriage of UN 2990 and UN 3072 (life-saving appliances, self-inflating and not self-inflating) - Expired on 1 January 2013
M231 Carriage of chemicals under pressure - Expired on 1 January 2013
M232 Carriage of medical devices or equipment - Expired on 1 January 2013
M233 Carriage of lithium batteries - Expired on 1 January 2013
M234 Transitional provisions for in-house inspection services (IS) - Expired on 1 January 2012
M235 Carriage of fuel oil, heavy, and fuel oil, residual - Expired on 1 January 2013
M236 Transport document in delivery sale operations - Expired on 12 May 2016
M237 Carriage of different gases of Class 2 in US Department of Transportation cylinders in relation to 1.1.4.2 - Expired on 1 June 2016
M238 Carriage of lighters and lighter refills - Expired on 1 January 2013
M239 Carriage of used lithium cells and batteries - Expired on 1 January 2013
M240 Carriage of fuel oil, heavy, and fuel oil, residual - Expired on 1 January 2013
M241 Use of equipments for tanks
Circulated by Germany on 16 June 2016
M242 Use of equipments for tanks - Expired on 1 January 2012
M243 Carriage of UN 1402, Calcium Carbide, Class 4.3, Packing group I, in tanks - Expired on 1 January 2013
M244 Carriage of UN 1013 Carbon dioxide or UN 1066 Nitrogen in cylinders having a test pressure capacity product of more than 15 MPa (150 bar.litre) and not more than 15.2 MPa (152 bar.litre) - Expired on 1 January 2013
M245 Environmentally hazardous substance requirements related to Class 7 - Expired on 1 January 2013
M246 Use of tanks - Expired on 1 January 2013
M247 Concerning the periodic inspection of some steel cylinders intended for the carriage of liquefied petroleum gas (UN 1965) - Expired on 1 January 2017
M248 Concerning the carriage of “UN 1081 Tetrafluoroethylene stabilized” in a battery-vehicles and multiple-element gas containers (MEGCs) - Expired on 1 January 2013
M249 Concerning the marking and labelling of cylinders for Class 2 - Expired on 1 January 2013
M250 Concerning the type approval of accessories for tanks in accordance with Chapter 6.8 - Germany - Expired on 1 January 2013
M251 On a derogation from special provisions 188 and 230 concerning the test requirements for ltihium-metal and lithium-ion batteries (UN Nos. 3090, 3091, 3480 and 3481)- Germany - Expired on 1 January 2013
M252 Concerning the carriage of damaged lithium batteries (UN Nos. 3090, 3091, 3480 and 3481) - Expired on 1 January 2013
M253 Heavy fuel oil - Expired on 1 January 2018
M254 Placarding of containers used exclusively in a road transport operation - Expired on 1 January 2018
M255 Periodic inspection of LPG welded steel cylinders - Expired on 31 December 2017
M256 Transport of UN 2672 ammonia solution in rigid and composite IBCs - Expired on 31 January 2018
M257 IBC packing instructions IBC04 to IBC08 - Expired on 1 January 2015
M258 Carriage of heatpipes containing anhydrous ammonia - Expired on 5 March 2018
M259 Carriage of damaged lithium batteries - Expired on 1 January 2015
M260 Substances which when in carriage present a risk of asphyxiation - Expired on 1 January 2015
M261 Concerning the replacement reference to standard EN ISO/IEC 17020:2004 by a reference to EN ISO/IEC 17020:2012 (except clause 8.1.3) - Expired on 1 March 2015
M262 Concerning the number of trailers in a transport unitcarrying dangerous goods in packages only - Expired on 3 May 2018
M263 Concerning the number of trailers in a transport unitcarrying dangerous goods in bulk or in tanks - Expired on 3 May 2018
M264 Concerning the marking of bundles of cylinders - Expired on 1 January 2015
M265 Concerning special provision S12 - Expired on 1 January 2015
M266 Carriage of explosive substances and articles belonging to the Armed Forces set to be destroyed - Expired on 1 August 2018
M267 Carriage of cylinders used on board a ship of aircraft - Expired on 1 January 2015
M268 Carriage of packagings, discarded, empty, uncleaned (UN 3509) - Expired on 1 January 2015
M269 Marking of UN numbers on LPG cylinders - Expired on 1 July 2018
M270 Working pressure of composite cylinders intended for the carriage of hydrogen (UN 1049)
| COUNTRY | SIGNED | REVOKED |
| France | 18/02/2014 | |
| Belgium | 22/05/2014 |
Date of Expiry: 15 February 2019
View agreement in English
M271 Additive devices as a part of the service equipment of tanks - Expired on 1 January 2015
M272 Carriage of lithium ion and lithium metal cells and batteries and equipment containing such cells and batteries carried for disposal or recycling under special provision 636 - Expired on 1 July 2015
M273 Marking of gas cylinders - Expired on 1 July 2018
M274 concerning the carriage of articles, pressurized, pneumatic (UN 3164) under special provision 371 - Expired on 1 January 2015
M275 Concerning vacuum operated waste tanks - Expired on 1 January 2015
M276 Concerning the construction of FL and OX vehicles using liquefied natural gas (LNG) as fuel for their propulsion - Expired on 1 January 2017
M278 Concerning the carriage of liquefied petroleum gas (UN 1965) in fixed tanks
| COUNTRY | SIGNED | REVOKED |
| Norway | 25/06/2014 | |
| Sweden | 27/06/2014 | |
| Denmark | 28/10/2014 |
Date of Expiry: 1 June 2019
View explanatory letter and agreement in English
M279 Concerning the carriage of UN 0335, UN 0336 fireworks
| COUNTRY | SIGNED | REVOKED |
| United Kingdom | 24/07/2014 | |
| Norway | 29/07/2014 | |
| Czech Republic | 4/09/2014 |
Date of Expiry: 19 August 2019
View explanatory letter in English
View agreement in English
M280 Concerning the carriage of UN 3077 and UN 3082 when transported in receptacles not exceeding 5 kg or 5 litres - Expired on 1 January 2015
M281 Carriage of waste contaminated with viruses causing haemorrhagic fever - Expired on 1 January 2017
M282 Carriage of UN 1361 CARBON, packing group III and UN 3088 SELF-HEATING SOLID, ORGANIC, N.O.S. packing group III
| COUNTRY | SIGNED | REVOKED |
| Poland | 28/11/2014 | |
| Germany | 19/12/2014 | 1/09/2015 |
| France | 9/03/2015 |
Date of Expiry: 1 July 2019
View agreement in English, in German
M283 Concerning dangerous Goods safety advisers as regards special provision 664
| COUNTRY | SIGNED | REVOKED |
| France | 15/12/2014 | |
| Belgium | 19/12/2014 |
Date of Expiry: 1 January 2020
View agreement in French and English
M284 Concerning the carriage of viscous liquids which are also environmentally hazardous when transported in receptacles not exceeding 5 litres - Expired on 1 January 2017
M285 Relatif au transport d'équipements contenant des piles au lithium - Expired on 1 January 2017
M286 Relatif aux restrictions de circulations dans les tunnels - Expired on 1 January 2017
M287 Carriage of certain wastes containing dangerous goods
| COUNTRY | SIGNED | REVOKED |
| Austria | 26/6/2015 | |
| Czech Republic | 2/07/2015 | |
| Liechtenstein | 15/09/2015 | |
| Italy | 10/06/2016 |
Date of Expiry: Applies from 2 August 2015 up to 1 August 2020
View explanatory letter in English
View agreement in English, in German
M288 Carriage of UN 1361 CARBON, packing group III and UN 3088 SELF-HEATING SOLID, ORGANIC, N.O.S. packing group III (Initiated by Germany)
M289 Carriage of elevated temperature substances for the purpose of applying road markings - Expired on 1 January 2017
M290 Carriage of infected animals - Expired on 1 January 2017
M291 Packing instruction P502 for UN 1873 - Expired on 1 January 2017
M292 Carriage of damaged lithium batteries - Expired on 1 January 2017
M293 Use of LNG, CNG and LPG as fuel for vehicles carrying dangerous goods - Expired on 1 January 2017
M294 Carriage of pre-production prototypes of large Lithium-ion batteries assemblies (UN 3480) - Expired on 1 January 2018
M295 Carriage of lithium cells and batteries of production runs, consisting of not more than 100 cells and batteries, or pre-production prototypes of cells and batteries carried for testing (UN 3090 – 3091 – 3480 - 3481) - Expired on 1 January 2017
M296 Carriage of Hybrid Lithium batteries, containing both primary lithium metal cells and rechargeable lithium ion cells
| COUNTRY | SIGNED | REVOKED |
| France | 1/02/2016 | |
| Germany | 18/02/2016 | |
| United Kingdom | 8/04/2016 | |
| Switzerland | 20/05/2016 | |
| Italy | 26/09/2016 |
Date of Expiry (corrected 1 March 2016): 1 July 2019
View explanatory letter in English
View agreement in English, in German
M297 Carriage of genetically modified live animals - Expired on 1 January 2017
M298 Carriage of unground hard coal, coke and anthracite (Reserved Germany)
M299 Carriage of different gases of Class 2 in US Department of Transportation pressure receptacles in relation to 1.1.4.2
| COUNTRY | SIGNED | REVOKED |
| United Kingdom | 24/05/2016 | |
| France | 27/05/2016 | |
| Ireland | 31/05/2016 | |
| Germany | 3/06/2016 | |
| Austria | 7/06/2016 | |
| Switzerland | 17/06/2016 | |
| Portugal | 22/06/2016 | |
| Sweden | 28/06/2016 | |
| Netherlands | 5/07/2016 | |
| Italy | 19/08/2016 | |
| Finland | 19/09/2016 | |
| Luxembourg | 18/01/2017 | |
| Denmark | 31/07/2017 | |
| Poland | 08/08/2018 |
Date of Expiry: 1 June 2019
View agreement in English, in French, in German
M300 Transport document in sale delivery operations
| COUNTRY | SIGNED | REVOKED |
| Portugal | 29/06/2016 | |
| Spain | 11/07/2016 | |
| Italy | 22/05/2017 |
Date of Expiry: 12 May 2021
View agreement in English , in Spanish
M301 Periodic inspection of some steel cylinders intended for the carriage of liquefied petroleum gas (UN 1965)
| COUNTRY | SIGNED | REVOKED |
| France | 20/07/2016 | |
| Belgium | 15/02/2017 | |
| Denmark | 31/07/2017 |
Date of Expiry: 1 January 2022
View explanatory letter in English
View proposed agreement in English, in French
M302 Carriage of magnesium hydride in transportable hydrogen storage systems
| COUNTRY | SIGNED | REVOKED |
| France | 19/07/2016 | |
| Italy | 19/08/2016 |
Date of Expiry: 1 January 2020
View explanatory letter in English
View agreement in English
M303 Concerning the carriage of Lithium cells or batteries installed in equipment from private households collected and handed over for carriage for depollution, dismantling, recycling or disposal - Expired on 1 January 2019
M304 Concerning the number of trailers in a transport unit
| COUNTRY | SIGNED | REVOKED |
| Sweden | 9/12/2016 | |
| Spain | 30/01/2017 | |
| Finland | 31/03/2017 | |
| Denmark | 25/04/2018 | |
| Norway | 03/01/2019 |
Date of expiry: 17 December 2021
View explanatory letter and agreement in English
View agreement in Spanish
M305 Carriage of waste contaminated with viruses causing haemorrhagic fever- Expired on 1 January 2019
M306 Carriage of lithium cells and batteries of production runs, consisting of not more than 100 cells and batteries, or pre-production prototypes of cells and batteries carried for testing (UN 3090, 3091, 3480, 3481) - Expired on 1 January 2019
M307 Carriage of damaged or defective lithium batteries liable to rapidly disassemble, dangerously react, produce a flame ora dangerous evolution of heat or a dangerous emission of toxic, corrosive or flammable gases or vapours under normal conditions of carriage(UN 3090, 3091, 3480, 3481)- Expired on 1 January 2019
M308 Periodic inspection of LPG welded steel cylinders
| COUNTRY | SIGNED | REVOKED |
| Italy | 7/11/2017 | |
| France | 14/12/2017 |
Date of expiry: 1 January 2023
View explanatory letter in English
View agreement in English, in French
M309 9.2.2.2.1 Cables - Expired on 1 January 2019
M310 Transport of UN 2672 ammonia solution in rigid and composite IBCs
| COUNTRY | SIGNED | REVOKED |
| Ireland | 25/01/2018 | |
| United Kingdom | 26/01/2018 | |
| Italy | 28/03/2018 |
Date of expiry: 1 February 2022 (corrected)
View explanatory letter
View agreement in English
M311 Placarding of containers used exclusively in a road transport operation
| COUNTRY | SIGNED | REVOKED |
| Portugal | 26/02/2018 | |
| Spain | 26/03/2018 |
Date of expiry: 1 January 2023
View agreement in English, in Spanish
M312 Carriage of articles containing Dangerous goods, N.O.S. - Expired on 1 January 2019
M313 Carriage of explosive substances and articles belonging to the Armed Forces set to be destroyed - Circulated by Sweden on 2/07/2018
| COUNTRY | SIGNED | REVOKED |
| Sweden | 2/07/2018 | |
| Germany | 2/08/2018 | |
| United Kingdom | 5/07/2018 | |
| Netherlands | 26/09/2018 | |
| France | 27/02/2019 |
Date of expiry: 15 June 2023
View explanatory letter in English
View agreement in English
M314 Carriage of substances of UN-Nos. 1002, 1006, 1013, 1046, 1056, 1058, 1065, 1066, 1080, 1952, 1956, 2036, 3070, 3163, 3297, 3298 and 3299 - Circulated by Germany on 30/05/2018 - Expired on 1 January 2019
M315 Carriage of waste contaminated with viruses causing haemorrhagic fever
| COUNTRY | SIGNED | REVOKED |
| Belgium | 30/11/2018 | |
| Germany | 12/12/2018 | |
| Switzerland | 07/01/2019 | |
| Luxembourg | 06/02/2019 |
Date of expiry: 31 December 2023
View proposed agreement in French
M316 Working pressure of composite cylinders intended for the carriage of hydrogen (UN 1049) - Circulated by France on 15 March 2019
View letter and proposed agreement in English
M317 Medical waste of Category A - Circulated by United Kingdom on 12 March 2019
View letter and proposed agreement in English
LIST OF BILATERAL AGREEMENTS
3582 Use of Dutch language for the particulars to be entered in the transport document
| COUNTRY | SIGNED | REVOKED |
| Netherlands | 11/03/2009 | |
| Belgium | 20/03/2009 |
View bilateral agreement 3582 in Dutch , in French