|
|
|
|
Number
of passenger cars |
|
|
Tourism receipts, as
(% of GDP) |
|
|
Tourism expenditures,
as % of GDP |
|
|
Tourism receipts, Million
US Dollars |
|
|
Tourism expenditure,
Million US Dollars |
|
Cars and lorries
The United States has the highest car ownership in the
region with 776 cars per 1000 population. Malta,
Cyprus and Portugal all have 100 or more lorries
per 1000 population which is more than double that
of most other ECE countries. Luxembourg has the highest
rate of new cars registered in the region in 2001.
Fuel consumption and prices
Even in some of the least developed countries in the
region, road transport accounts for a sizeable portion
of total energy consumption (Table 8.2). In several
countries leaded petrol is no longer used and everywhere
else the share of unleaded petrol is growing. Governments
encourage the use of unleaded petrol by keeping the
price lower than leaded petrol.
Car production
Germany and the United States were the highest car
producers in the ECE region in 2001, producing over
400 000 cars per month. France is the third with
over 250 000 cars per month.
Road accidents
In 2000 almost 150 000 people died as a result of traffic
accidents in the ECE region. This is an improvement
over the 1998 figure of approximately 165 000 and
particularly over the 1990 figure of over 215 000
deaths (it is too early to say anything about 2001
as data from several countries were not yet available).
Latvia, Russian Federation, Lithuania and Greece
experienced the highest rates of persons killed per
population. Each of these countries had approximately,
or exceeded 20 deaths per 100 000 population. The
safest places to drive in 2000 were the United Kingdom,
Norway and Armenia where approximately six persons
per 100 000 population were killed in road accidents
.
Railways
United States and the Russian Federation transport
the highest tonnage of freight on their railway systems,
while the number of passengers-kilometres transported
is highest in the Russian Federation, France and
Germany. From 1992 to 2001, most CIS countries experienced
a considerable decrease in freight and passenger
rail transport, although there was a slight upturn
after 1995 in freight transport in a few CIS countries
(Table 8.8). Nearly 80 per cent of goods are transported
by road in western Europe, and the trend is increasing,
while rail transport is used for less than 20 percent.
In central and eastern Europe the share of road transport
has grown substantially from 1990 to 2000. In 2000
approximately 55% of goods were transported by road
compared with approximately 45% by rail. In the CIS
countries, goods are shipped predominantly by rail.
The Czech Republic, Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany
are the countries with the most comprehensive railway
systems. They all operated at least 10 kilometres
of railway lines per 100 square kilometres.
Air Transport
In 2001 the largest airport in the ECE region in terms
of numbers of passengers serviced was in Atlanta,
Georgia, in the United States. The European airport
with the largest number of passengers in 2001 was
London-Heathrow in the United Kingdom. The busiest
airport for cargo activity in 2001 was in Memphis,
Tennessee in the United States.
Tourism
France is the most visited country in the ECE region
with more than 75 million tourist arrivals in 2000.
It is followed by the United States, Spain and Italy,
which had 40-50 million tourist visits in 2000 (Table
8.13). Domestic tourism is gaining popularity in
many countries. Most notable in this regard are Germany,
Italy and France with more than 100 million overnight
stays in hotels by domestic tourists (Table 8.13).
The United States, Spain, Italy and France were the
highest earners from tourism in terms of tourism
expenditure in US dollars (Table 8.16). Cyprus had
by far the largest tourism receipts per capita in
2000. Along with Malta, Austria and Switzerland,
it earned over 1000 US dollars per capita from tourism.
In 2000 Icelandic travellers spent the most in per
capita terms for tourism and travel (over 1600 USD
on average), followed by Austrians (over 1100 USD). |
e-mail