Glossary
: Area comprises land area and inland water.
The average annual percent
change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of
births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving
a country. The rate may be positive or negative. The growth rate is
a factor in determining how great a burden would be imposed on a country
by the changing needs of its people for infrastructure (e.g., schools,
hospitals, housing, roads), resources (e.g., food, water, electricity),
and jobs. Rapid population growth can be seen as threatening by neighbouring
countries
: This entry gives the location of the seat of government.
: Commonwealth of Independent States.
: Represents the total emission from fuel combustion.
CO2, the carbon dioxide, is the principal greenhouse gas. It is measured
on the basis of the amounts of fuels burned. A number of developed
countries have taken an obligation under the Kyoto Protocol to reduce
their emissions of six greenhouse gases, including CO2, below the levels
of 1990 emissions.
: Measures changes over time in the general level
of prices of goods and services that a reference population acquires
or purchases for consumption. A consumer price index is estimated as
the change in the prices of a fixed representative basket of consumer
goods and services purchased by the reference population.
: Currency Server uses official ISO 4217 currency codes,
published by the International Organization for Standardization. The
codes covered by this standard, as well as the registered trademark "ISO",
are the property of the International Organization for Standardization
(ISO), and are used under license in the software. These codes are
sometimes also referred to as "SWIFT currency codes". The
official ISO 4217 standard specifies three-letter ("Alpha-3")
codes for currencies worldwide. The first two letters of these codes
are usually identical with the two-letter ISO 3166-1 Alpha-2 country
codes, which are well-known by internet users, as they are used for
country domain suffixes. The third letter is usually the initial of
the currency name (but not always, as in the case of EUR, RUB and a
handful of other currencies). For example, USD stands for "United
States dollar" (note that currency names are written in lower
case, unless required otherwise by language rules, as in German, or
by the local context, such as titles in English). Codes beginning with "X",
among others, are reserved for special purposes such as non-currency
commodities.
: Member -- (Date of Admission) Following is the list
of the 191 Member States of the United Nations with dates on which
they joined the Organization.
: A final legal dissolution of a marriage, that is, the separation
of husband and wife which confers on the parties the right to remarriage
under civil, religious and/or other provisions, according to the laws
of each country. The crude divorce rate is the total number of divorces
divided by the total population in a given period.
: The ratio of the economically active population
(employed + unemployed) aged 15 and over to the total population of
the corresponding age group.
: Using the International Standard Industry
Classification (ISIC Rev3 1990), at the highest level the economy is
divided into three branches: 1) agriculture covers agriculture, forestry
and fishing (categories A+B); 2) industry comprises the production
industries (including electricity, gas, and water), mining and quarrying,
and construction (categories C-F); and 3) services comprise market
services and non-market services (categories G-Q, X).
: Here the National Accounts definition is used: employment
comprises employees and self-employed - engaged in some productive
activity that falls within the production boundary. It includes both
the residents and the non-residents who work for resident producer
units.
: The occupational grouping is
based on International Standard Classification of Occupations 1988
(ISCO-88): Legislators, senior officials, managers: ISCO-88, Group
1.
·
Professionals, technicians, associate professionals: ISCO-88,
Groups 2 and 3.
·
Clerks, service workers, shop and market sales workers:
ISCO-88, Groups 4 and 5.
·
Skilled agricultural and fishery workers: ISCO-88, Group
6.
·
Craft and related workers, plant and machine operators
and assemblers: ISCO-88, Groups 7 and 8.
·
Elementary occupations: ISCO-88, Group 9.
·
Other: ISCO-88, Group 0 and others.
: the final consumption of energy by the different end-use
sectors, i.e. consumption by the industrial and transport sectors and
by the services, agriculture and residential sectors. The graph shows
data on the final consumption of energy in tonnes of oil equivalent
per capita, and in kilograms of oil equivalent per 1000 US dollars
of GDP (PPP dollars, constant prices). The kilogram of oil equivalent
is defined as 104 kilocalories. This quantity of energy is, within
a few percent, equal to the net heat content of 1 tonne of crude oil.
: Period average exchange rate expressed in national
currency units per U.S. dollar. Depending on the country, the exchange
rates are market rates, i.e. largely determined by market forces, or
official rates, i.e. determined by authorities.
: Exports of goods and services consist
of sales, barter, or gifts or grants, of goods and services from residents
to non-residents. When exports of both goods and services are not available,
the data are given for the exports of goods only, f.o.b. (free on board,
i.e. including the value of the goods and the related distributive
services up to the point of frontier).
: The value of exports of goods
and services less imports of goods and services.
: The data are from the Commodity Trade
Statistics Database (COMTRADE). Data are based on a detailed commodity
classification according to the Harmonized Commodity Description and
Coding System (Harmonized System, or HS), or extended versions based
on HS, such as the Combined Nomenclature used by the countries that
are members of the European Union.
: Consumption by the different end-use
sectors i.e. consumption by the industrial and transport sectors and
by the services, agriculture and residential sectors.
·
Gas: Gas includes natural gas (excluding natural gas liquids)
and gas works gas.
·
Oil: Refers to petroleum products that comprise refinery
gas, ethane, LPG, aviation gasoline, motor gasoline, jet fuels, kerosene,
gas/diesel oil, heavy fuel oil, naphtha, white spirit, lubricants,
bitumen, paraffin waxes, petroleum coke and other petroleum products.
·
Primary energy: Energy that has not undergone any sort
of conversion.
·
Refined petroleum products: refinery outputs, that is production
of finished products at a refinery or blending plant, including: refinery
gas, ethane, liquefied petroleum gases, naphtha, motor and aviation
gasoline, gasoline type jet fuel, kerosene type jet fuel, other kerosene,
gas/diesel oil, fuel oil, white spirit and industrial spirit, lubricants,
bitumen, paraffin waxes, petroleum coke, and other products (e.g. tar
and sulphur).
·
Renewable sources: Renewable sources include hydro, geothermal,
solar thermal, solar photovoltaic, tide, wind, renewable municipal
solid waste, solid biomass and gases from biomass.
: The principal measure of total economic
activity occurring within a country's geographical boundary. As an
aggregate measure of production, the GDP of a country is equal to the
sum of the gross value added of all resident institutional units engaged
in production of goods and services (plus taxes and minus subsidies
on imports) – as measured by the production approach. The GDP
can also be measured by the expenditure approach, that is the sum of
the final uses of goods and services (all uses except intermediate
consumption) measured at purchasers' prices, less the value of imports
of goods and services; or the sum of primary incomes distributed by
resident producer units. When the final expenditures and imports are
valued consistently with the inputs and outputs in the production accounts,
the sum of the gross values added must be identical to the sum of final
expenditures on consumption, gross capital formation and exports less
imports.
: The current price GDP of a country converted
into US dollars on the basis of the purchasing power parity (PPP) of
the country’s currency. PPP is a method to eliminate price level
differences in currency conversion of GDP. See: purchasing power parities.
: Measures the value added
in different economic branches. When the value added data were not
available, the gross industrial output is used instead. Agriculture
covers agriculture, forestry and fishing; Industry comprises the production
industries (including electricity, gas, and water), mining and quarrying
and construction; Services comprise market services and non-market
services.
: The principal measure of total economic activity occurring
within a country's geographical boundary. As an aggregate measure of
production, the GDP of a country is equal to the sum of the gross value
added of all resident institutional units engaged in production of
goods and services (plus taxes and minus subsidies on imports) – as
measured by the production approach. The GDP can also be measured by
the expenditure approach, that is the sum of the final uses of goods
and services (all uses except intermediate consumption) measured at
purchasers' prices, less the value of imports of goods and services;
or the sum of primary incomes distributed by resident producer units.
When the final expenditures and imports are valued consistently with
the inputs and outputs in the production accounts, the sum of the gross
values added must be identical to the sum of final expenditures on
consumption, gross capital formation and exports less imports. GDP
per capita - this entry shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis
divided by population as of 1 July for the same year.
: The total value of the gross fixed capital
formation, changes in inventories and acquisitions less disposals of
valuables.
: The principal measure of
total economic activity occurring within a country's geographical boundary.
As an aggregate measure of production, the GDP of a country is equal
to the sum of the gross value added of all resident institutional units
engaged in production of goods and services (plus taxes and minus subsidies).
Gross value added is the value of output minus intermediate inputs
(that is, the value of goods and services consumed as inputs by process
of production, excluding fixed assets which contribute to gross value
added).
: Refers to the value of output produced by
establishments engaged in mining (including oil extraction), manufacturing,
and production of electricity, gas and water. These are the tabulations
categories C, D and E of the Standard Industrial Classification of
all Economic Activities (ISIC Rev. 3 and NACE Rev. 1)
: Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy is based
on life expectancy at birth, but includes an adjustment for time spent
in poor health. It is most easily understood as the equivalent number
of years in full health that a newborn can expect to live based on
current rates of ill-health and mortality.
: A private household that consists of a person living alone
or a group of people who combine to occupy the whole or part of a housing
unit and to provide themselves with food and possibly other essentials
for living. The group may be composed of related persons only or of
unrelated persons or of a combination of both. The group may also pool
their income.
: Imports of goods and services consist
of sales, barter, or gifts or grants, of goods and services from non-residents
to residents. When imports of both goods and services are not available,
the data are given for the imports of goods only, c.i.f. (the cost,
insurance and freight – the price of a good delivered at the
frontier of an importing country, or the price of a service delivered
to a resident, before the payment of any duties or taxes on imports).
: The annual number of deaths of infants under
one year of age per 1 000 live births in the same year.
: This entry includes the two-letter codes maintained
by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in the
ISO 3166 Alpha-2 list and used by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
(IANA) to establish country-coded top-level domains (ccTLDs).
, estimated number: The estimates are based on reported
Internet access provider subscriber counts, or calculated by multiplying
the number of hosts by an estimated multiplier.
: Comprises all persons
of either sex who furnish the supply of labour (employed + unemployed)
for the production of goods and services during the specified time-reference
period. Labour force is measured in relation to a short reference period
such as one day or one week.
: The designations employed and
the presentation of the material in this WWW site do no imply the expression
of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United
Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city
or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its
frontiers or boundaries. The UNECE Secretariat is not responsible for
the content of linked WWW sites.
: The average number of years a new-born infant
would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of birth
were to continue throughout the child’s life.
: The complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of
a product of conception, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy,
which after such separation breathes or shows any other evidence of
life such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord
or definite movement of voluntary muscles, whether or not the umbilical
cord has been cut or the placenta is attached; each product of such
a birth is considered live-born, regardless of gestation age.
: The act, ceremony or process by which the legal relationship
of husband and wife is constituted. The crude marriage rate is the
total number of marriages divided by the total population in a given
period.
d: This entry is the
weighted average of the age specific rates of first other births.
: Users of portable telephones
subscribing to an automatic public mobile telephone service using cellular
technology that provides access to the PSTN (public switched telephone
network).
: This entry identifies the national medium of exchange
and its basic subunit.
: This entry provides a rank ordering of official
languages starting with the largest and sometimes includes the percent
of total population speaking that language.
: Legislative or deliberative assembly. One or more chambers
or assemblies that form (or form part of) the legislature of a country.
The term may also be applied to multinational legislative bodies.
: A road motor vehicle, other than a motorcycle, intended
for the carriage of passengers and designed to seat no more than nine
persons (including the driver).
: This entry provides the distribution of the population
according to age. Sex and 5 years age group includes information. The
age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic
issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age
15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations
(high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health
sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential
political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population
unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
: This entry is defined as total population divided
by Area.
: Estimate of de facto population for 1 July of
the year indicated.
: The final consumption expenditure
of households and non-profit institutions servicing households (NPISHs).
It is measured by the value of households’ and NPISHs’ expenditures
on goods and services including expenditures on non-market goods or
services sold at prices that are economically significant.
: purchasing power of a country’s
currency, i.e. the rate of currency exchange that equalises the cost
of a fixed representative basket of goods and services in the home
country using national currency and in the reference country (the United
States) using the US dollar converted at the PPP rate (the number of
units of national currency required to purchase the same representative
basket of goods and services that one US dollar would buy in the United
States). It can be recommended to use the PPPs instead of the exchange
rate in economic comparisons to take into account the price level differences
between countries. PPPs are expressed in national currency units per
US dollar.
: GDP at constant (fixed) prices measures the volume of output
from domestic production. It is used to show the growth in a country’s
economy.
: person attending tertiary education.
: Greenwich, England has been the home of Greenwich Mean
Time (GMT) since 1884. GMT is sometimes called Greenwich Meridian Time
because it is measured from the Greenwich Meridian Line at the Royal
Observatory in Greenwich.
: The average number of children that would be
born alive to a woman during her lifetime if she were to pass through
her childbearing years conforming to the age-specific fertility rates
of a given year.
includes public and private expenditure
measured as a percentage of GDP. Educational expenditure refers to
the financial disbursements of education institutions for the purchase
of the various resources or inputs of the schooling process such as
administrators, teachers, materials, equipment and facilities. Public
expenditure refers to the spending of public authorities at all levels.
Private expenditure refers to expenditure funded by private sources,
i.e. households and other private entities. Households mean students
and their families. Other private entities include business firms and
non-profit organisations. Private expenditure comprises school fees,
materials such as textbooks and teaching equipment; transport to school
(if organised by the school); meals (if provided by the school) and
boarding fees.
includes public and private expenditure
measured as a percentage of GDP. Health expenditure refers to household
health expenses; government supplied health services including those
in schools, prisons, and armed forces and special public health programmes
such as vaccination; investment in clinics, laboratories etc; administration
costs; research and development excluding outlays by pharmaceutical
firms; industrial medicine; and outlays of voluntary and benevolent
institutions.
: Expenditure in the country of reference corresponds
to the expenditure of non-resident visitors (tourists and same-day
visitors) within the economic territory of the country of reference.
Tourism expenditures in other countries corresponds to the expenditure
of resident visitors (tourists and same-day visitors) outside the economic
territory of the country of reference. The figures on expenditures
are given in current United States dollars and therefore reflect exchange
rate fluctuations and price changes.
: correspond to the expenditure of non-resident visitors
(tourists and same-day visitors) within the economic territory of the
country of reference.
: Calculated by relating the number of workers who
are unemployed during the reference period to the total of employed
and unemployed persons at the same date. The unemployed comprise all
persons above a specific age who during the reference period were:
(a) without work - i.e. were not in paid employment or self-employment;
and (b) currently available for work - i.e. were available for paid
employment. Unless otherwise stated, all data on unemployment are from
Labour Force Surveys. Registered unemployment comprises unemployed
population registered at Employment or Labour Offices. This administrative
approach to unemployment reflects national rules and conditions and
usually yields different results from those of surveys using the ILO
concept of unemployment, which includes persons often not covered in
registered unemployment statistics, such as persons seeking work for
the first time.
: Measures the value added in different
economic branches. When the value added data were not available, the
gross industrial output is used instead. Agriculture covers agriculture,
forestry and fishing.
: Measures the value added in different economic
branches. When the value added data were not available, the gross industrial
output is used instead. Industry comprises the production industries
(including electricity, gas, and water), mining and quarrying and construction.
: Measures the value added in different economic
branches. When the value added data were not available, the gross industrial
output is used instead. Services comprise market services and non-market
services.
: are defined as localities with a population of 2000 or
more. National definitions may vary.
: refers to 15-24 years of age.
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