Introduction

Map of the ECE region

Explanatory notes

Profiles of UNECE member countries

Chapter 1: Population

Chapter 2: Families and households

Chapter 3: Education

Chapter 4: Employment

Chapter 5: Economy

Chapter 6: Health

Chapter 7: Housing

Chapter 8: Transport and tourism

Chapter 9: Energy

Chapter 10: Environment

Chapter 11: Communication

Chapter 12: Participation

Chapter 13: Crime and safety

Glossary

Index

List of Internet data sources used for the publication

PART 2: Trends in economic and social life

Highlights on population

1.1 Basic population data and structures, 2001

1.2 Dependency ratio, 2001

1.3 Population growth

1.4 Most popular babies names, latest year

1.5 Trends in crude birth rate, world and major areas, 1960 – 2020

1.6 Trends in crude death rate, world and major areas, 1960 – 2020

1.7 Territorial distribution of population, 2000/2001

1.8 Percentage of urban population, 2001

1.9 Level of urbanization, world and major regions, 1995 - 2020

1.10 Ranking by population of 30 major urban agglomerations in the world, 2000

1.11 Population of foreign origin in selected countries

1.12 Population of concern to the UNHCR, major regions of the world, 1995-2001

1.13 Total population of concern to UNHCR, end 2001

1.14 Indicative number of refugees

1.15 Asylum applications in selected countriesv

1.16 Recognized asylum seekers, 2001

Highlights on families and households

2.1 Basic data on household numbers and size

2.2 Percentage of households consisting of one person or five persons and above

2.3 Distribution of mothers and fathers in single parent families, 2000/2001

2.4 Trends in marriage and divorce

2.5 Population by marital status, 18 years and over

2.6 Marriage rates, 1980 and 2001

2.7 Change in mean age at first marriage for women, between 1990 and 2000

2.8 Median duration of marriage at divorce, 2000/2001

2.9 Fertility trends

2.10 Mean age of women at birth of first child, 2000/2001

2.11 Trends in births outside marriage, 1980 and 2001

2.12 Abortion rates, 1980-2000

Highlights on education

3.1 Educational attainment by sex, 25 years and over

3.2 Illiteracy rate (population older than 15), 2000

3.3 National education systems

3.4 Current educational participation

3.5 Students in tertiary education

3.6 Percentage of female university students, selected fields of study, latest year

3.7 Gender differential among university students, 1997/2001

3.8 Pupil-teacher ratios and percentage female teachers at each level

3.9 Total expenditure on education as a % of GDP, latest year

3.10 Expenditure per student on tertiary education, 1999

3.11 Researchers per inhabitants

3.12 Expenditure on research and development, % of GDP

Highlights on employment

4.1 World labour force by region, 1950 to 2000

4.2 Total employment growth, 1992-2001

4.3 Labour force economic activity rates by sex and percentage of women in the labour force, 15 years and older

4.4 Total employment as a percentage of population, 2001

4.5 Employment by economic sector, 1995 and 2001

4.6 Percentage of labour force in agriculture, 2001

4.7 Status in employment, 2001

4.8 Gender differential among employers and own-account workers, 1995 and 2001

4.9 Employment by major occupational groups, 2001

4.10 Percentage of women among legislators, senior officials and managers, 2001

4.11 Part-time employment by sex for selected countries, 1990 and 2001

4.12 Average number of hours worked per week in selected countries, 2001

4.13 Average annual hours worked in selected countries

4.14 Unemployment rates, 1990 and 1995-2001

4.15 Unemployment rates by sex, 2001

4.16 Unemployment by economic sector and work experience, 2001

4.17 Youth unemployment rates by sex (15 to 24 years of age)

4.18 Long-term unemployment (12 months and more)

4.19 Unemployed by level of educational attainment, 2000

4.20 Public expenditure on labour market programmes as a percentage of GDP and unemployment compensation as a part of this, 2001

Highlights on economy

5.1 GDP per capita at current prices and current PPP US dollars, 2001

5.2 Real GDP, 1981-2002

5.3 Real GDP in ECE region, 1993-2002

5.4 GDP by major economic sectors, 1995 and 2001

5.5 Industrial structure in the ECE region, 2001 (share of value added)

5.6 Value added in agriculture, 1994-2001

5.7 Value added in industry, 1994-2001

5.8 Value added in services, 1994-2001

5.9 Inflation: consumer price index, annual percentage change, 1995-2002

5.10 Composition of final demand in current prices, 2001

5.11 Real private consumption expenditure, 1995-2001

5.12 Real gross wages in Central and Eastern Europe and CIS countries, 1994-2001

5.13 Total gross external debt of Central and Eastern Europe and CIS countries, 1995-2001

5.14 Net capital flows into Central and Eastern Europe and CIS countries, 1995-2001

5.15 Official Development Assistance of DAC countries in ECE

5.16 Aid per capita (current US$)

Highlights on health

6.1 Life expectancy by sex at birth and at age 65

6.2 Gender differential in life expectancy at birth, latest year

6.3 Gender differential in life expectancy at age 65, latest year

6.4 Healthy life expectancy (HALE), 2001

6.5 Healthy life as a percentage of life expectancy, 2001

6.6 Infant and child mortality

6.7 Infant mortality rate

6.8 Age-standardized mortality rates for selected causes, 2000

6.9 Standardized mortality rates for road accidents and suicides by sex, 1990 and 2000

6.10 New AIDS cases reported, 1991-2000

6.11 Estimated number of people living with HIV/AIDS, end 2001

6.12 AIDS deaths, 2001

6.13 Doctors, dentists and pharmacists

6.14 Average stay in acute care hospital, 2000

6.15 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP, 2000

6.16 Average number of calories available per person per day, 2000

6.17 Average amount of fruit and vegetable available per person per year, 2000

6.18 Regular daily smokers, 15 years and over

6.19 Annual alcohol consumption

Highlights on housing

7.1 Housing stock by size and tenure

7.2 Dwellings by construction period, in selected countries

7.3 Dwelling facilities

7.4 Annual number of dwellings completed, 1990-2000

7.5 Average estimated size of dwellings completed, 2000

7.6 Dwellings completed per 1000 population, 1990 and 2000

7.7 Rent indices

Highlights on transport

8.1 Roads, passenger cars and lorries

8.2 Share of road traffic in total energy consumption, 2000

8.3 Share of main fuels for motor vehicles, latest year

8.4 Motor fuel price data for selected countries, 2000

8.5 Production of passenger cars, 2001

8.6 Road traffic accidents

8.7 Number of persons killed in road traffic accidents, 2000/2001

8.8 Railway networks, staff and traffic, 1991-2001

8.9 Kilometres of railway lines operated per 100 square kilometres, 2000/2001

8.10 Transport trends in ECE subregions

8.11 ECE airports with 20 million passengers or more, by total passengers and cargo, 2001

8.12 Airports in the ECE region having more than 15 million international passengers

8.13 International and domestic tourism, 1996-2000

8.14 Average annual change in outbound tourism, 1996-2000

8.15 Number of international departures per capita, 2000

8.16 Tourism expenditure, 1996-2000

8.17 Tourism receipts per capita, 2000

8.18 Tourism expenditures abroad per capita, 2000

Highlights on energy

9.1 Total production of primary energy, 1990 - 2000

9.2 Final consumption of energy by fuel type, 2000

9.3 Consumption of oil as a percentage of total energy consumption, 2000

9.4 Oil product consumption by sector, 2000

9.5 Main coal producers in the ECE region, 2000

9.6 Coal export of main exporters in the ECE region, 1992-2000

9.7 Production of electricity and per capita consumption, 1980-2000

9.8 Share of electricity produced by nuclear power stations, 2000

9.9 Production and proven reserves of natural gas

9.10 Proven reserves of natural gas as percentage of world total, 2000

9.11 Per capita consumption of natural gas, 2000

9.12 Production and trade in crude oil and natural gas liquids (NGL), 2000

9.13 Production and trade in refined petroleum products in the ECE region, 2000

9.14 Renewable energy sources, 1990-2000

9.15 Share of renewable sources in total primary energy supply, 2000

9.16 Combustible renewables and waste as a percentage of total renewable energy supply, 2000

Highlights on environment

10.1 Climate

10.2 Air pollution emissions, 2000

10.3 Trends in CO2 emissions, 1975 - 2000

10.4 CO2 emissions per capita, 2000

10.5 Per capita emissions of CO2 by sector, 2000

10.6 Agricultural pressures on the environment

10.7 Forest cover

10.8 Forest average annual change - total, 1990-2000

10.9 Forest average annual change - rate, 1990-2000

10.10 Nationally protected areas, 2002

Highlights on communication

11.1 Broadcasting data

11.2 Telephone lines, mobile phones and fax machines, 1995 and 2000/2001

11.3 Telecommunications staff, income and investment

11.4 Price of local phone calls, 2000

11.5 Estimated personal computers and Internet users

11.6 Top Internet host countries in the UNECE region, 2001

11.7 Internet hosts 1996 to 2001

11.8 Internet users and PCs in ECE subregions and the rest of the world, 2001

11.9 Postal services, 2000

11.10 Circulation of newspapers

11.11 Annual attendance at cinemas per inhabitant, 1999

11.12 Book production, 1999

Highlights on participation

12.1 Voting turnout at last national election and proportion of seats held by women

12.2 Parliaments and voting systems

12.3 Parliamentary election results, political parties

12.4 Participation in elections

12.5 Women parliamentarians

12.6 Women government ministers, 2002

12.7 Political participation of women at local level

Highlights on crime and safety

13.1 Selected violent crimes recorded by the police, 1990 and 2000

13.2 Selected non-violent crimes recorded by the police, 1990 and 2000

13.3 Committed intentional homicides recorded by the police, 1990 and 2000

13.4 Selected crimes, sex distribution of offenders, 2000

13.5 Victims of selected crimes, selected countries, 2000

13.6 Clear up rates for selected crimes, 2000

13.7 Prison situation in 1990-2000, selected day

13.8 Percentage of women prisoners, 1990 and 2000, selected day

13.9 Percentage of foreign prisoners, 1995 and 2000, selected day

13.10 Convicted prisoners according to selected crime categories, 2000

13.11 Convicted prisoners by length of sentence ordered, latest year

13.12 Proportion of convicted prisoners with sentences 3 years and over, latest year

13.13 Juvenile sentencing rate in selected countries, 1990 and 1999