ÿWPCº% Ó¬EgpX{ÿÝ^í1ä× °³ªz÷Ö¯ÈjÚ£4b;¹¹üR$|š‡%„ùø%|$ɸzœm÷#9 ©¹½E9ùaÖL÷mðîx @ñhï7^ãêy g¾µÕÚŒQâ‰î?¥=±†c²Uí¯!Xf&|¨îÊ+ƒ5TxE]¹õÂÌÀ)cFôñ<Šb"'©ó¸×8\{Ë­T¯ÚÍ:Ñb2fÐâ ðDqãÂb÷ªâBÍK½¡ºm¤¥¦Kó™2Sßaø@)û¦,Z—ͧ_§:”|̵^±Õ¼ltBã/¡9ÄSå«ÄÒƒuè`Ÿ¼”^"a9‡ c(l!çFE˜q‰ŸÊR»{{ôß·RüP¸ wŽ2×2KÞ»`ºáö·¹£æ -&˜Œ%Egg*‡åâ{¬È7™¹ô÷½ýúº­9Ѻ¦|Z ÈPÖJ†wð•Ôý³o_w«‰- wuÑAxa¤'¹ù²¥Œ(:ÒÓc¿tlÇàü¬ßnÎÅì(¸Í«^53iç÷Ë‹Û;-þ¸DnÊZXÌû\DlcwÝ(…?bÚRHíÝFW"Ôí7ï³ýNë_]¸)ñHOe˵0 XVD c§Î§A.U „ %œU F¢è 04ø´, 0 Pà…0 0Pµ ´ UF¹Uÿ"´9UFíU3# KAVUF—UÝõGýAD 1m… 0còw@U4•UF©UïAUFHUŽ…¦UF+UqA‰UFÊ G!UW"Go"UF¶#Uü#H$UF\%U¢%)Ͼ¦`X,ñ9Z#.Courier New Regular3|x‚ ( ¤T$¡¡Ó  Ó ªÝ ƒ ͸(ÝÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÒƒ°ÒÒ‰°ÒÔ‡XsfXXXÔÔ‡òHòXXsfÔÔUKUS.,Ôà á àà 9 àà ‘ àà é àà A àà ™ àà ñ àà I àà ¡ àCES/AC.61/97Ð Ø Ðà á àà 9 àà ‘ àà é àà A àà ™ àà ñ àà I àà ¡ àFAO/ECE:ESS(97)„75Ìà á àà 9 àà ‘ àà é àà A àà ™ àà ñ àà I àà ¡ àAnnexÌÔUS.,UK.,ÔÔUKUS.,ÔÔ#†XsfXòòHb#ÔÔ‡òHòXXsfÔÔ#†ò×!òòòHC#ÔÔ‡òHòòò×!Ôà á àà 9 àà ‘ àà é àà A àà ™ àà ñ àà I àà ¡ àpage€Ú  Ú3Ú  ÚÔ#†ò×!òòòH¢#ÔÔ#†XœXòò×!`#ÔÔUS.,UK.,+Ô((2͸$§§Ý ƒ¤T!ÝÓ  ÓÝ  Ý {Ý ƒ 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ÝÒT°ÒÔ‡"XsfXXXÔÔ‡"òHòXXsfÔÔUKUS.,Ôà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àCES/AC.61/93Ð Ø Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àFAO/ECE:ESS(97)„71Ìà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àPage€Ú  Ú1Ú  ÚÌÔ#†#ò×!òòòH5#ÔÔ#†#XœXòò×!T#ÔÔUS.,UK.,sÔ,ñ9Z#.Courier New Regular)Ͼ¦` 7Ý ƒ͸'ÝÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÒ‰°ÒÔ‡%XsfXXXÔÔ‡%òHòXXsfÔÔUKUS.,ÔCES/AC.61/97Ð Ø ÐFAO/ECE:ESS(97)„75Ìpage€Ú  Ú1Ú  ÚÌÔ#†'ò×!òòòH5#ÔÔ#†'XœXòò×!T#ÔÔUS.,UK.,sÔ,ñ9Z#.Courier New Regular =Ý ƒ͸'ÝÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÒ‰°ÒÔ‡XsfXXXÔÔ‡òHòXXsfÔÔUKUS.,ÔCES/AC.61/97Ð Ø ÐFAO/ECE:ESS(97)„75ÌAnnexÌpage€Ú  Ú3Ú  ÚÌÔ#†ò×!òòòH5#ÔÔ#†XœXòò×!T#ÔÔUS.,UK.,sÔ)Ͼ¦` =Ý ƒ͸'ÝÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÒ‰°ÒÔ‡)XsfXXXÔÔ‡)òHòXXsfÔÔUKUS.,ÔCES/AC.61/93Ð Ø ÐFAO/ECE:ESS(97)„71ÌAnnexÌpage€Ú  Ú3Ú  ÚÌÔ#†*ò×!òòòH5#ÔÔ#†*XœXòò×!T#ÔÔUS.,UK.,sÔ,ñ9Z#.Courier New Regular)Ͼ¦` >Ý ƒ͸'ÝÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÒ‰°ÒÔ‡,XsfXXXÔÔ‡,òHòXXsfÔÔUKUS.,ÔCES/AC.61/97Ð Ø ÐFAO/ECE:ESS(97)„751ÌAnnexÌpage€Ú  Ú3Ú  ÚÌÔ#†-ò×!òòòH5#ÔÔ#†-XœXòò×!T#ÔÔUS.,UK.,sÔ,ñ9Z#.Courier New Regular)Ͼ¦`Ý ƒ¤T!ÝÓ  ÓÝ  Ý›ÑØ°ÑÑÿ°ÑÒØ°ÒÒ‰°ÒÔ€ò×!òXXÔÔUKUS.,ÔÔ€òHòòò×!ÔÑTRW\Ð6Â&A43Ø'Ð6Â&A4ÿ3Ø'TÑÓ33ÓÑ  ÑÑ ý ÑÑ€  TÑà á àà 9 àà ‘ àà é àà A àà ™ àà ñ àà I àà ¡ àœCES/AC.61/9ñe ñ7ñe ññf ñ3ñf ñ›Ð Ø Ðà á àà 9 àà ‘ àà é àà A àà ™ àà ñ àà I àà ¡ àœFAO/ECE:ESS(97)„7ñg ñ5ñg ññh ñ1ñh ñ›Ìà á àà 9 àà ‘ àà é àà A àà ™ àà ñ àà I àà ¡ à29€July€1997Ìà á àà 9 àà ‘ àà é àà A àà ™ àà ñ àà I àà ¡ àÌà á àà 9 àà ‘ àà é àà A àà ™ àà ñ àà I àà ¡ àOriginal:€ENGLISHÌñi ñœñs ññz ñÖ€ÿÿÖñz ññz ñÖ€ÿÿÖñz ññs ññs ñÖ€$ÿÿÖñs ñ›ñi ññi ñÖ€ÿÿÖñi ñà á àà 9 àà ‘ àà é àà A àà ™ àà ñ àà I àà ¡ àà ù àÌÌÓlX°X°` ¸ hpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXlÓò òECONOMIC€COMMISSION€FOR€EUROPEà ö à€FOOD€AND€AGRICULTURE€ORGANIZATIONÐ a ‰ ÐÓ~X°X°` ¸ hpÈÝxÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°‡XpÈ xX~Óñn ñœÖ€ÿÿÖ›ñn ññn ñÖ€!ÿÿÖñn ñà á àà 9 àà ‘ àà é àà A àà ö à€OF€THE€UNITED€NATIONSÌCONFERENCE€OF€EUROPEAN€STATISTICIANSÌó óÌòòStudy€Group€on€Food€and€Ð  E  ÐAgriculturalóó€òòStatistics€in€EuropeóóÐ  4  Ð(Geneva,€30€June„3€July€1997)ÌÌò òÓ  ÓREPORT€OF€THE€TWENTY„THIRD€SESSIONó óÐ Ù ÐÓ‘ÓÌÓ€33ÓÓ33€Ó1.à á àThe€Study€Group€on€Food€and€Agricultural€Statistics€in€Europe,€convenedÐ ·ß Ðjointly€by€FAO€and€the€Conference€of€European€Statisticians,€held€its€twenty„¼third€session€in€Geneva€from€30€June€to€3€July€1997.€€RepresentativesÏattended€from€Albania,€Austria,€Belgium,€Canada,€Croatia,€Czech€Republic,ÏDenmark,€Finland,€France,€Germany,€Hungary,€Ireland,€Italy,€Netherlands,ÏPoland,€Russian€Federation,€Slovak€Republic,€Sweden,€Switzerland,€Turkey,ÏUnited€Kingdom€and€United€States€of€America.€€Representatives€of€the€EuropeanÏCommission€(Eurostat)€attended.€€Representatives€of€Japan€and€Korea€attendedÏthe€meeting€under€Article€XI€of€the€Terms€of€Reference€of€the€UN/ECE.€TheÏOrganisation€for€Economic€Co„operation€and€Development€(OECD)€and€UnitedÏNations€Food€and€Agriculture€Organisation€(FAO)€also€took€part€in€theÏmeeting.ÌÌ2.à á àThe€meeting€adopted€the€provisional€agenda.Ð Ú ÐÌ3.à á àMr.€R.€Allen€(United€States)€was€elected€Chairperson€and€Ms.€E.€LaczkaÐ ¸ à  Ð(Hungary)€Vice„Chairperson.ÌÌ4.à á àThe€following€substantive€topics€were€discussed€at€the€meeting€on€theÐ …#­ # Ðbasis€of€papers€prepared€by€Austria,€Belgium,€Bulgaria,€Canada€(3),€France,ÏItaly€(2),€Lithuania,€Moldova,€Netherlands€(2),€Poland,€Romania,€RussianÏFederation,€Sweden,€Switzerland,€Turkey,€Ukraine€(3),€United€Kingdom,ÏUnitedStates€(2),€FAO€(2),€OECD€(3),€Eurostat€(6)€and€ECE€(2):ÌÌà á à(a)à0 9 àOrganization€of€workshops€to€assist€transition€countries€in€à @©! àà @©! àà @©! àà @©! àà @©! àà @©! àà @©! àà @©! àà @©! àà @©! àÐ )G&) Ðestablishing€new€agricultural€and€food€statistics;Ð 9 ê#9 ê# Ðà á à(b)à0 9 àRevision€of€the€Handbook€of€concepts€and€definitions€used€inÐ ý*%(+ Ðinternational€collections€of€food€and€agriculture€statistics;Ð 9 ê#9 ê# Ðà á àÌâ âGE.97„Ð Ê-ò*.ý ÐÑ TÑÑ¥ÿÑÑØØÑÑ  Ññz ñÑ TÑÑ¥ÿÑÑØØÑÑ  ÑÑ TÑÑ¥ÿÑÑØØÑÑ  ÑÑ TÑÑ¥ÿÑÑØØÑÑ  ÑÑ TÑÑ¥ÿÑÑØØÑÑ  Ññz ññs ñÑ TÑÑ¥ÿÑÑØØÑÑ  ÑÑ TÑÑ¥ÿÑÑØØÑÑ  Ññs ññn ñÑ TÑÑ¥ÿÑÑØØÑÑ  ÑÑ TÑÑ¥ÿÑÑØØÑÑ  ÑÑ TÑÑ¥ÿÑÑØØÑÑ  Ññn ññi ñÑ TÑÑ¥ÿÑÑØØÑÑ  ÑÑ TÑÑ¥ÿÑÑØØÑÑ  Ññi ññh ñÑ TÑÑ¥ÿÑÑØØÑÑ  Ññh ññf ñÑ TÑÑ¥ÿÑÑØØÑÑ  Ññf ñà á à(c)à0 9 àFAO€Programme€for€the€World€Census€of€Agriculture€2000€andÐ è Ðâ âcountries'€experiences;Ð 9 ê#9 ê# Ðà á à(d)à0 9 àResults€of€reforming€agricultural€statistics€under€transition;ÐÆÞ9 ê#9 ê# Ðà á àà 9 ànew€legislation€on€statistics;Ìà á à(e)à0 9 àNew€developments€in€agricultural€statistics;Ф ¼9 ê#9 ê# Ðà á à(f)à0 9 àDetailed€procedures€for€collecting€and€processing€agriculturalÐ “ « Ðstatistics;Ð 9 ê#9 ê# Ðà á à(g)à0 9 àStatistical€issues€of€agricultural€economics;Ðq ‰9 ê#9 ê# Ðà á à(h)à0 9 àNational€practices€in€classifying€different€socio€economic€typesÐ ` x Ðof€farming;Ð 9 ê#9 ê# ÐÓZ.‰1†Xöñ‚X¶Q‚X%Y&ƒX2‡X° ‡X‚XÝx†X81‡XZÓà á à(i)à0 9 àStatistics€connected€with€environment„related€agricultureÐ >V  Ðproblems€„€Seminar€organized€by€Eurostat;Ð 9 ê#9 ê# ÐÌ5.à á àRecommendations€for€future€work€are€given€below.€€Other€conclusionsÐ  #  Ðwhich€the€participants€reached€at€the€meeting€on€each€of€the€above€topics€areÏreproduced€in€the€Annex€to€this€note.ÌÌ6.à á àThe€participants€took€note€of€the€decision€of€the€1997€session€of€theÐ Çß ÐConference€of€European€Statisticians€to€convert€the€ECE/FAO€Study€Group€onÏFood€and€Agricultural€Statistics€in€Europe€into€an€ad„hoc€ECE/FAO€expertÏgroup€of€food€and€agricultural€statistics.ÌÌ7.à á àThe€participants€recommended€that€a€further€joint€meeting€on€food€andÐ rŠ Ðagricultural€statistics€in€Europe€be€organized€in€1998/99€to€consider€theÏfollowing€topics:ÌÌà á à„à0 9 àÔUSUK.,ÔDevelopment€and€improvement€of€economic€statistics€for€food€and€à @9# àà @9# àÐ .F Ðagriculture;€ÔUK.,US.,DÔÐ 9 ê#9 ê# ÐÌÔUSUK.,Ôò òà á à„à 9 àó óMethodological€applications€and€recurring€methodological€issuesÔUK.,US.,Ô;Ð û  ÐÌÔUSUK.,Ôà0 á à„à 9 àMaintaining€agricultural€data€collection€systems;ÔUK.,US.,£ÔÐÙ"ñáê#áê# ÐÌò òà á à„à 9 àó óJoint€data€collection€by€international€organizations€and€exchangeÐ ·$Ï! Ðà á àà 9 àof€data.ÌÌThe€detailed€list€of€items€for€each€of€the€topics€for€future€work€is€given€inÏthe€Annex€to€this€note€(see€para.€36€of€the€Annex).€€€ÌÌ€€ÌÌÌÌÌÐ ü.), Ðñt ñœñy ñÖ€HÖñy ññy ñÖ€HÖñy ñ›ñt ññt ñÖ€ HÖñt ñÌÓ  Óò òANNEXó óÐ ¯ï ÐÌñ| ññ} ñœñ ñÖ€&HÖñ ññ ñÖ€+HÖñ ñ›ñ} ññ} ñÖ€(HÖñ} ññ| ññ| ñÖ€HÖñ| ñOther€conclusions€reached€at€the€meeting€of€the€Study€Group€on€Food€andÏAgricultural€Statistics€in€Europe€(Geneva,€30€June€„€3€July€1997)ÌÓÜÓÌò ò(a)à0 á àOrganization€of€workshops€to€assist€transition€countries€inÐ Z š Ðestablishing€new€agricultural€and€food€statisticsÐ áê#áê# Ðó óÌ1.à á àThe€representatives€of€the€Eurostat€and€the€Hungarian€StatisticalÐ 'g  Ðoffice€informed€the€group€about€preparations€for€the€jointÏEurostat/OECD/FAO/ECE€Seminar€scheduled€to€take€place€in€Budapest€from€12€toÏ14€November€1997.€€The€5th€Seminar€on€Agricultural€Statistics€for€CentralÏEuropean€Countries€hosted€by€Central€Statistical€Office€of€the€Republic€ofÏHungary€is€aimed€at€assisting€Central€European€transition€countries€inÏevaluating€and€establishing€new€methodologies€for€primary€agricultural€dataÏcollection€programmes€to€better€meet€statistical€needs€in€their€new€economicÏenvironment.€€The€seminar€will€have€a€Plenary€session€and€two€working€groups.€ÏThe€first€will€deal€with€basic€tools€used€to€provide€agricultural€statisticalÏinformation€(agricultural€census,€farm€registers,€surveys,€etc.)€and€theÏsecond€will€deal€with€monetary€agricultural€statistics.€€13€Central€EuropeanÏcountries€and€the€Russian€Federation€are€expected€to€attend€the€Seminar.€ÏSeveral€participants€regretted€that€there€will€be€no€interpretation€fromÏEnglish€into€Hungarian€during€the€Seminar.€€It€was€felt€that€organizers€ofÏinternational€seminars€and€workshops€should€make€an€effort€to€provideÏinterpretation€into€several€languages€in€order€to€ensure€wider€participation.€ÏÌ2.à á àThe€representative€of€OECD€informed€the€participants€about€preparationsÐ õ5 Ðfor€the€St.€Petersburg€(Russian€Federation)€Seminar€which€will€be€held€fromÏ29€June€to€3€July€1998.€All€15€CIS€countries€are€expected€to€participate.€ÏPreparations€for€the€seminar€are€under€way,€and€the€agenda€is€being€drafted.€€ÌÌ3.à á àInformation€on€the€conference€"Agricultural€Statistics€2000"€and€itsÐ  #à  Ðagenda€was€distributed€to€participants.€€The€conference€will€take€place€fromÏ18„20€March€1998€in€Washington€D.C.€(United€States€of€America).€TheÏconference€is€sponsored€by€the€International€Statistical€Institute€(ISI)€andÏorganised€in€cooperation€with€the€National€Agricultural€Statistics€Service€ofÏthe€U.S.€Department€of€Agriculture€(USDA/NASS),€the€FAO€and€Eurostat.€ÌÌ4.à á àThe€members€of€the€Intersecretariat€Working€Group€on€AgricultureÐ )*i$' Ð(IWG.AGRI)€(FAO,€OECD,€Eurostat€and€UN/ECE),€informed€the€group€aboutÏprogress€in€joint€data€collection.€€A€review€of€FAO,€OECD€and€Eurostat€dataÏcollection€procedures€will€be€carried€out€and€further€plans€on€coordinationÏâ âof€joint€data€collection€will€be€elaborated€on€the€basis€of€these€findings.€Ð å-%(+ ÐThe€Minutes€of€the€12th€meeting€of€the€Inter„Secretariat€Working€Group€onÏAgricultural€Statistics€were€available€to€participants.€€€Ìâ âÌò ò(b)à0 á àRevision€of€the€Handbook€of€concepts€and€definitions€used€in€à ©! àÐ } Í Ðinternational€collection€of€food€and€agricultural€statisticsÐ áê#áê# Ðó óÌ5.à á àThe€group€noted€that€the€ECE€secretariat€has€not€received€anyÐ J š Ðamendments€from€member€countries€to€the€Handbook€prepared€by€the€IWG.AGRI€andÏfirst€published€in€1995.€€The€meeting€agreed€to€ask€the€ECE€secretariat€toÏmake€a€rerun€of€both€English€and€Russian€versions€of€the€Handbook€and€to€alsoÏmake€it€available€on€the€ECE€World€Wide€Web€site.ÌÌò ò(c)à á àÔUSUK.,ÔFAO€Programme€for€the€World€Census€of€Agriculture€2000à Q à€€€€ó óÐ ä4  ÐÌòòDocumentationóó:à ‘ àFAO,€United€States€of€America€Ð   ÐÌ6.à á àThe€FAO€informed€the€meeting€about€the€supporting€activities€undertakenÐ  ð Ðin€order€to€encourage€countries€to€carry€out€the€2000€Census€of€AgricultureÏduring€the€1996„2005€decade.€€FAO€has€prepared€a€series€of€methodologicalÏpublications€covering€definitions,€technologies€for€conducting€specificÏsurveys€and€employment€in€agriculture€and€is€working€through€a€series€ofÏtechnical€training€programmes€assisting€countries€in€their€CensusÏpreparations.€€The€results€of€the€1990€census€of€agriculture€round€are€nowÏavailable€on€the€FAO€World€Wide€Web€site.€€The€difficulty€in€comparing€theÏ1990€Round€of€national€census€results€on€a€world€wide€scale€was€discussed.€€ÌÌ7.à á àThe€document€by€National€Agricultural€Statistics€Service€(NASS)€of€theÐ öF ÐUnited€States€described€the€changes€in€procedures€being€planned€for€the€1997ÏCensus€of€Agriculture€in€the€United€States.€€Unlike€the€previous€censuses€Ïcarried€out€by€the€Bureau€of€the€Census€(BOC),€the€1997€census€will€beÏcarried€out€by€the€NASS.€€However,€NASS€will€receive€BOC€cooperation€in€theÏmailing€and€handling€phases.€€ÌÌ8.à á àIn€the€ensuing€discussion,€it€was€pointed€out€that€definitions€of€anÐ %Ï! Ðagricultural€holding€as€used€by€countries€vary€significantly.€In€the€UnitedÏStates€an€increase€in€the€threshold€value€from€$1,000€to€$10,000,€which€hadÏbeen€proposed€by€BOC,€would€have€implied€that€about€50€per€cent€of€allÏagricultural€holdings€(and€up€to€80€per€cent€in€some€states)€would€have€beenÏexcluded€from€the€Census.€€It€was€agreed€that€setting€a€high€threshold€valueÏwould€imply€a€serious€loss€in€the€coverage€of€many€important€socio„economicÏaspects€of€rural€life.€€Threshold€issues€in€other€countries€were€discussed.ÌÌ9.à á àThe€experience€of€the€United€States€in€transferring€the€responsibilityÐ æ-6'* Ðfor€the€census€to€a€decentralized€agency€(NASS)€was€viewed€as€particularlyÐ Õ.%(+ Ðrelevant€for€the€European€Union€member€countries.€€It€was€pointed€out€that,Ïin€member€countries,€€the€ministry€of€agriculture€and/or€the€nationalÏstatistical€institution€might€be€responsible€for€the€census€of€agriculture.€ÏTheir€coordination€and€cooperation€in€preparation€of€the€census€is€veryÏimportant€for€the€overall€success.€€Ìò òÌ(d)à á àResults€of€reforming€agricultural€statistics€under€transitionó óÐ Z š ÐÌòòDocumentationóó:€€Bulgaria,€Ukraine,€Russian€Federation,€Romania€and€LithuaniaÐ 8 x ÐÌ10.à á àRapid€changes€in€economies€of€countries€in€transition€are€particularlyÐ V  Ðevident€in€the€agricultural€sector.€€Agricultural€statistical€services€inÏthese€countries€are€facing€similar€difficulties€in€attempting€to€adjust€toÏthe€constantly€changing€environment.€€The€lack€of€appropriate€legislation,Ïlarge€scale€restitution€of€land€to€prior€owners€and€a€large€share€of€informalÏeconomy€in€the€sector€were€among€common€problems€hampering€collection€ofÏagricultural€statistics€in€transition€countries.€€The€necessity€of€improvingÏthe€quality€of€registers€in€the€period€of€transition,€particularly€if€muchÏproduction€comes€from€agricultural€households,€was€also€pointed€out.€€It€wasÏmentioned€that€area€surveys€may€be€more€effective€in€measuring€theÏagricultural€sector€during€the€period€of€dynamic€changes.€ÌÌ11.à á àThe€participants€noted€that€agricultural€statistical€systems€also€needÐ JŠ Ðto€be€reorganized€in€order€to€capture€changes€in€the€agricultural€sector.€InÏthe€Russian€Federation€for€example,€the€reform€in€the€economy€has€made€itÏessential€for€statisticians€to€take€a€systematic€approach€to€all€changes.ÏAgricultural€statistics€will€be€improved€through€changes€in€the€methods€usedÏfor€data€collection,€establishment€of€a€new€household€sampling€network,Ïdevelopment€of€a€method€for€assessing€the€size€of€the€hidden€economy€inÏfarming€and€in€the€design€of€the€agricultural€census€according€to€FAOÏrecommendations.ÌÌÔUK.,US.,§-ÔÔUSUK.,Ôò ò(e)à á àNew€developments€in€agricultural€statistics€in€the€ECE€member€countries€Ð  #à  Ðó óÌòòDocumentationóó:€€Eurostat€(2),€ECE€secretariat,€OECDÐ ~%¾" ÐÌ12.à á àEurostat's€target€methodology€for€the€compilation€of€statistics€on€theÐ \'œ!$ Ðvolume€of€agricultural€labour€has€been€drafted€as€a€guide€to€furtherÏharmonization€of€the€concepts,€methods€and€definitions€to€be€used€by€memberÏcountries.€€The€main€objective€for€collecting€the€agricultural€labour€inputÏ(ALI)€statistics€is€to€help€derive€Eurostat's€EAA€income€indicators.€€TheÏrevision€of€concepts€in€EAA€will€however€have€a€consequence€for€ALIÏstatistics,€most€notably€the€coverage€of€the€agricultural€branch,€theÏmeasurement€of€output,€the€choice€of€the€basic€statistical€unit€and€theÏdefinition€of€income.Ð Ô.), Ї13.à á àThe€issue€of€whether€to€and€how€to€classify€forestry,€fish„farms,Ð ° ÐChristmas€tree€producing€holdings,€etc.€was€discussed€even€if€the€holdings€doÏnot€include€agricultural€activities.€€At€present,€FAO€excludes€such€holdingsÏbut€is€evaluating€this€issue.€€It€was€felt€that€the€best€approach€in€labourÏforce€surveys€is€to€look€at€the€overall€farm€structure€and€then€workÏdownwards.€€It€was€noted€that€agriculture€is€more€and€more€associated€withÏother€activities.€€The€opinion€was€expressed€that€forestry€should€be€includedÏin€the€surveys€although€this€might€create€conceptual€problems.€€It€was€alsoÏobserved€that€difficulties€to€collect€labour€data€could€be€overcome€by€usingÏsub„samples€with€interviews.€€Another€issue€discussed€was€that€account€shouldÏbe€taken€of€"intra„agriculture€trade".€€ÌÌ14.à á àThe€meeting€agreed€that€the€ECE€paper€on€"New€developments€inÐ ä4  Ðagricultural€statistics€in€UN/ECE€member€countries"€represents€a€usefulÏsource€of€information€and€that€it€should€be€regularly€updated€before€eachÏmeeting€of€the€group.€€Countries€are€asked€to€review€the€paper€and€send€theirÏcomments€to€the€ECE€secretariat€before€the€15€September€1997.€€ECEÏsecretariat€will€then€finalize€the€document.ÌÌ15.à á àThe€OECD€document€on€Statistics€in€Transition€is€based€on€informationÐ m½ Ðpresented€at€the€Roundtable€Expert€Meeting€on€Statistical€Needs€inÏAgriculture€in€Transition€Economies€held€in€June€1996€in€Paris.€€In€responseÏto€a€suggestion€from€participants€in€that€meeting,€the€information€on€theÏdevelopment€of€statistical€laws,€the€institutional€organisation€of€statisticsÏand€the€current€agricultural€system€in€place€in€eleven€transition€countriesÏwas€made€available€through€the€document€to€a€wider€audience.€€The€documentÏcontains€updated€information€in€the€form€of€country€statements€and€has€beenÏelaborated€in€close€cooperation€with€each€of€the€countries.€€The€participantsÏnoted€the€usefulness€of€the€document€when€working€with€the€data€fromÏcountries€participating€in€this€project€and€in€particular€for€analyticalÏpurposes.€€ÌÌ16.à á àAnother€document€by€Eurostat€on€Farm€Structure€and€Methodology€ofÐ $à  ÐCommunity€Surveys€emphasized€that€structure€survey€represent€the€pillar€ofÏthe€agricultural€data€collection€in€the€European€Union.€€The€legal€basis€forÏsurveys€on€agricultural€holdings€are€provided€by€the€appropriate€Regulations.€ÏAll€elements€of€the€survey,€units,€survey€periods,€organisation€of€the€surveyÏand€production€of€tabular€results€are€well€elaborated.€€The€structure€surveysÏwill€be€conducted€in€the€established€way€until€2009.€€The€manner€of€makingÏavailable€online€(on€the€Internet)€the€Eurofarm€databanks€„€a€system€ofÏmodules€containing€individual€data€from€member€countries€„€€is€being€studied.€ÏThrough€seminars€and€other€forms€of€technical€assistance,€Eurostat€intends€toÏassist€Central€and€Eastern€European€countries€in€adopting€the€structureÏsurvey€methodology€and€in€conducting€surveys.Ð Õ.%(+ ЇÔUK.,US.,=ÔÔUSUK.,Ôò ò(f)à á àNew€developments€in€remote€sensing€for€agricultural€statisticsó óÐ À ÐÌòòDocumentationóó:à ‘ àEurostat,€ItalyÐ žÞ ÐÌ17.à á àThe€MARS€(Monitoring€Agriculture€by€Remote€Sensing)€programme€of€theÐ | ¼ ÐEuropean€Union€was€introduced€as€a€dominant€activity€with€two€main€actions:Ï(ña ñiña ñña ñIña ñ)€support€for€activities€of€member€states€and€(ii)€live€determination€ofÏpre„harvest€estimates€of€acreages€and€potential€production€of€main€crops€atÏthe€European€level.€€Another€project,€MERA,€which€combines€the€experience€ofÏMARS€and€related€applications,€is€going€to€be€implemented€in€1997€in€11Ïcentral€European€countries.€€The€activities€include€vegetation€conditionÏmonitoring€and€yield€forecasting€as€well€as€the€adapted€sample€design€forÏnational€area€frame€sampling€and€for€rapid€estimation€of€inter„annual€changesÏin€agricultural€land€coÔUK.,US.,®LÔver€at€regional€levels.€€The€group€recommended€thatÏthis€project€be€implemented€as€soon€as€possible.ÌÌ18.à á àThe€experience€so€far€has€shown€that€surveys€based€on€remote€sensingÐ °ð Ðare€still€rather€costly€because€of€the€high€costs€of€data€collected€byÏsatellite€imagery.€€At€the€same€time,€conditions€offered€by€distributors€ofÏremote€sensing€technology€are€not€adapted€to€the€needs€of€statisticians.ÏAnother€problem€mentioned€was€that€statisticians€are€usually€not€in€controlÏof€the€scientific€process€of€remote€sensing€application.€€Therefore,Ïstatisticians€have€to€take€part€in€development€of€the€technology€in€order€toÏput€it€under€their€control€and€ensure€that€remote€sensing€has€realÏstatistical€base.ÌÌ19.à á àIt€was€felt€that€optimal€results,€both€in€terms€of€quality€andÐ F Ðresources€involved€are€obtained€if€there€is€simultaneous€use€of€remoteÏsensing€and€field€surveys.€€It€has€been€shown€that€the€latter€usuallyÏrequires€at€least€twice€as€many€sample€units€as€the€former€to€get€comparableÏlevel€of€results.€€Experiences€of€several€other€countries€also€confirm€thatÏcosts€of€remote€sensing€should€be€evaluated€against€costs€of€results€obtainedÏthrough€traditional€survey€techniques.€€There€is€a€number€of€advantages€inÏusing€remote€sensing€in€a€specific€situations,€but€this€technique€stillÏrequires€ground€data€which€are€sometimes€costly€to€collect.€€The€generalÏmodel€of€remote€sensing€acceptable€for€all€countries€still€does€not€exist.€Ïña ñThreforeña ñña ñThereforeña ñ,€when€making€decision€about€use€of€remote€sensing€for€agriculturalÏdata€collection,€statisticians€have€to€be€selective€and€ña ñcarfullña ñña ñcarefulña ñ€in€ña ñchossingña ñña ñchoosingña ñÏthe€appropriate€model€which€will€satisfy€ña ñtheiña ñña ñtheirña ñ€particular€needs.€ÌÌ20.à á àThe€participants€noted€the€positive€and€constructive€experience€ofÐ +X%( ÐItaly€in€remote€sensing.€€The€system€of€organization€of€work,€methods€ofÏpractical€utilization€of€remote€sensing€data,€techniques€of€their€comparisonÏwith€alternative€statistical€data€represent€practical€and€theoreticalÏinterest€for€statisticians.€€It€was€suggested€that€the€report€aboutÐ Ô.), Ðexperience€with€remote€sensing€in€Italy€should€be€ña ñdissseminatedña ñña ñdisseminatedña ñ€among€theÏparticipants€in€the€meeting.€€The€same€was€suggested€for€the€state„of„the€artÏdocument€submitted€by€France€to€the€1995€meeting€(CES/AC.61.40).ÌÌò ò(g)à á àDetailed€procedures€for€collecting€and€processing€agricultural€à ©! àÐ l ¼ Ðstatistics,€including€new€data€collection€methods€CAPI€and€CATI€ó óÐ [ « ÐÌòòDocumentationóó€:€ECE€secretariatÐ 9 ‰ ÐÌ21.à á àThe€countries€were€asked€to€review€the€document,€supply€new€informationÐ g  Ðand€return€their€comments€to€the€ECE€secretariat.€€The€document€will€then€beÏfinalized€and€prepared€for€the€next€session€of€the€study€group.ÌÌò ò(h)à á àStatistical€issues€of€agricultural€economics€ó óÐ Ó#  ÐÌòòDocumentationóó:€Ukraine,€FAO,€OECD,€Eurostat€(2)€and€ItalyÐ ± ÐÌ22.à á àFAO€introduced€the€revised€Handbook€of€the€System€of€Economic€AccountsÐ ß Ðfor€Food€and€Agriculture€(SEAFA)€which€is€entirely€based€on€the€1993€SNA.€ÏThis€manual€was€written€to€include€institutional€units€such€as€agriculturalÏestablishments€and€agricultural€households€as€well€as€agricultural€productsÏ(goods€and€services)€in€the€agricultural€accounts.€€The€manual€is€availableÏin€English,€French€and€Spanish€and€thought€to€be€appropriate€to€allow€dataÏcollection€from€a€large€number€of€diverse€member€countries.€€SupplementalÏmanuals€on€forestry€and€fisheries€are€being€prepared€€to€assist€countries€inÏthe€incorporation€of€such€data€in€the€form€of€satellite€accounts€to€the€coreÏeconomic€accounts.€Both€Eurostat€and€OECD€are€involved€in€further€developmentÏof€economic€accounts€for€agriculture.€€The€OECD€is€working€to€includeÏinformation€on€capital€stock€and€net€worth€measures€into€the€accounts€forÏagriculture.€€Eurostat€is€primarily€focused€on€the€income€of€agriculturalÏproduction€and€forestry€and€not€directly€on€income€of€agriculturalÏhouseholds.Ì€€Ì23.à á àThe€manual€and€results€of€a€study€on€total€income€of€agriculturalÐ %Ï! Ðhouseholds€prepared,€on€a€trial€basis,€by€Eurostat€raised€some€questionsÏrelated€to€differences€among€various€manuals€by€international€organizationsÏand€varieties€of€approaches€(micro„up€versus€macro„down)€in€collectingÏeconomic€data€from€the€agricultural€sector.ÌÌ24.à á àAlthough€it€was€made€clear€that€international€organizations€coordinateÐ +i$' Ðtheir€work€on€economic€accounts€for€agriculture,€it€was€pointed€out€that€eachÏorganization€has€to€take€into€account€the€specificities€of€their€members€andÏtheir€particular€availability€of€data€and€their€data€needs.€€The€participantsÏgenerally€supported€the€view€that€further€and€closer€cooperation€betweenÐ Õ.%(+ Ðinternational€organizations€in€developing€manuals€for€economic€accounts€forÏagriculture€has€to€be€maintained€in€order€to€ensure€the€full€compatibilityÏbetween€manuals.€€It€was€further€suggested€that€a€paper€illustratingÏdifferences€between€various€manuals€be€drafted.€ÌÌ25.à á àIt€was€noted€that€experiences€in€countries€vary€with€the€approachesÐ k « Ðused€in€collection€of€statistics€for€EAA.€€Some€countries€make€use€of€farmÏsurveys€and€collect€farm€income€at€the€micro€level€while€others€are€more€inÏfavour€of€the€macro€approach€and€use€of€income€statistics€and€other€macroÏeconomic€data.€€Ìò òÌ(i)à0 á àNational€ña ñpracticiesña ñña ñpracticesña ñ€in€classifying€different€socio„economic€types€of€à @q" àÐ E  Ðfarmingó óÐô4 áê#áê# ÐÌòòDocumentationóó:€Poland,€Ukraine,€Turkey€and€CroatiaÐ Ò  ÐÌ26.à á àVarious€methods€used€for€classification€of€farms€by€type€of€activityÐ °ð Ðand€size€were€presented.€€The€experience€varies€among€countries,€but€it€wasÏfelt€that€the€direct€application€of€the€Eurostat€typology€of€farms€to€nonÏEuropean€Union€countries€may€show€some€weaknesses€of€the€system.€€It€wasÏsuggested€that€instead€of€the€concept€of€the€Standard€Gross€Margin€whichÏreflects€price€movements€too€strongly,€other€criteria€(labour€input€wasÏmentioned)€may€better€reflect€reality€in€particular€country.€€To€overcomeÏdeviation€of€conversions€due€to€exchange€rate€fluctuations,€it€was€suggestedÏthat€countries€should€use€Purchasing€Power€Parities.ÌÌ27.à á àMore€flexible€application€of€farm€typologies€may€be€necessary€forÐ F Ðcountries€that€have€a€large€number€of€small€holdings.€€It€was€suggested€thatÏcountries€can€still€use€Eurostat€typology,€but€may€need€to€use€theÏclassification€by€farms€types€and€size€in€a€manner€which€will€reflect€theirÏparticular€situation€in€the€agricultural€sector.€€Stability€in€stratifyingÏfarm€classes€should€be€maintained€over€the€years€of€observation€and€onlyÏchanged€in€longer€intervals€(5€to€10€years)€to€provide€for€comparability€ofÏresults€and€meaningful€time€series.€ÌÌò ò(j)à0 á àSeminar€on€statistics€connected€with€environment„related€agricultural€à @9# àÐ m&­ # Ðproblemsó óÐ\'œ!$áê#áê# ÐÌòòDocumentationóó:€€Papers€by€Austria€(2),€Canada€(2),€France,€Netherlands€(2),Ð :)z#& ÐBelgium,€Switzerland,€United€Kingdom,€United€States,€Eurostat,€OECD,€Japan.€ÌÌ28.à á àMr.€Terence€McRae€(Canada)€was€elected€chairman€of€the€seminar.€€The€Ð ,G&) Ðà á àprovisional€agenda€of€the€seminar€was€adopted.Ìâ âÐ å-%(+ Ð29.à á àThe€work€underway€in€various€countries€on€agri„environmental€indicatorsÐ ° Ðâ âdepends€not€only€on€scientific€understanding€of€the€nature€and€functioning€ofÏagroecosystems,€but€also€on€the€availability€of€sound€agriculture€statistics.ÌÌ30.à á à€The€wealth€of€data€currently€on€agriculture€has€made€it€possible€toÐ l ¼ Ðlook€in€depth€at€some€aspects€of€agriculture€and€environment.€€AreasÏreasonably€well€covered€include€crop€and€livestock€production€andÏdistribution.€€However€the€impacts€of€other€sectors,€perhaps€less€wellÏcovered€statistically,€should€not€be€ignored.ÌÌ31.à á àOn€nutrient€balances,€work€is€well€in€hand,€but€it€is€important€to€beÐ V  Ðable€to€make€a€good€estimation€of€the€amount€of€grass€consumed€by€livestock,Ïas€grassland€represents€a€large€percentage€of€the€nitrogen€uptake€by€crops.€€ÌÌ32.à á àFor€pesticides,€it€is€not€possible€to€construct€a€single€syntheticÐ Â  Ðindicator€which€brings€together€all€the€risk€factors€associated€withÏpesticide€use.€€Therefore,€work€should€look€at€the€risks€to€the€differentÏenvironmental€compartments,€starting€with€the€risk€to€water.ÌÌ33.à á àThe€proposals€for€œñc ñña ñœña ññc ññd ñ€ñd ñbiodiversityñc ñña ñ›ña ññc ñ›€indicators€were€interesting€and€theÐ m½ Ðextent€to€which€they€can€be€calculated€from€existing€data€could€be€furtherÏexplored.€€Other,€non„agricultural,€data€is€needed,€especially€on€landÏuse/cover.ÌÌ34.à á àMore€comprehensive€and€detailed€information€on€agroecosystems€isÐ h Ðrequired€to€support€agri„environmental€analysis€and€decision€making.€€TheÏseminar€identified€and€discussed€the€following€priority€areas:€ÌÌÓo7& ΂X . ‚X“Ž‚XSî‚Xµ$ö%ƒX®1‡X‰1†Xöñ‚X¶Q‚X%Y&ƒX2‡XoÓà á à„à0 m àFarm€management€practices€:€a€clear€message€emerged€on€the€need€forÐ Ô $ Ðdata€on€farm€management€practices,€as€this€is€an€important€factorÏinfluencing€environmental€performance;Ð m ê#m ê# Ðà á à„à0 m àLand€use,€and€in€particular€clarification€of€definitions€ofÐ ¡#ñ Ðagricultural€land;Ð m ê#m ê# Ðà á à„à0 m àLivestock€feed€balances;Ð%Ï!m ê#m ê# Ðà á à„à m àCropping€patterns/rotation;Ð n&¾" Ðà á à„à m àGrassland.Ð ]'­ # ÐÌ35.à á àInformation€collected€via€incentive€schemes€could€be€better€utilized.€Ð ;)‹"% ÐIt€was€also€suggests€that€some€simple€questions€could€be€added€to€theÏagricultural€census€of€2000.ÌÌò òÐ  ÷,G&) Ð(k)à á àFuture€workó óÐ À ÐÌ36.à á àThe€meeting's€suggestions€on€future€work€are€given€in€para.€6€and€7€ofÐ žÞ Ðthe€body€of€this€report.€€The€following€issues€were€proposed€to€be€ña ñdicussedña ñña ñdiscussedña ñÏat€greater€detail€in€the€future:ÌÌÓx7& ΂X& †Þ“Ž‚XSî‚Xµ$ö%ƒX®1‡X& ΂X . ‚X“Ž‚XSî‚Xµ$ö%ƒX®1‡XxÓà á à(i)à0 ‰ àDevelopment€and€improvement€of€economic€statistics€for€food€andÐ Z š Ðagriculture€(macro€level:€developments€in€the€area€of€economicÏaccounts€for€agriculture€versus€micro€level€„€total€income€ofÏagricultural€households€and€to€what€extent€they€are€dependent€onÏagricultural€activities;€how€to€integrate€economic€aspects€ofÏagriculture€with€other€economic€activities€of€households€farmÏplus€non„farm€income;€food€statistics€including€foreign€trade;Ïstatistics€on€quality€of€food€production€and€methods€ofÏproduction;€type€of€agricultural€statistics€needed€in€the€nextÏ10€years€„€from€the€point€of€view€of€National€StatisticalÏOffices,€Ministries€of€Agriculture€and€other€major€users€ofÏagricultural€statistics;€the€adaptation€of€potential€new€memberÏcountries€to€the€EU€system.€€Ð ‰ ê#‰ ê# ÐÌà á à(ii)à0 ‰ àMethodology€applications€and€re„ña ñoccuringña ñña ñoccurringña ñ€methodological€issuesÐ l¬ Ð(thresholds€and€coverage€implication€of€agricultural€surveys€andÏcensuses;€classification€of€farms€and€households;€registers€of€à @%# àà @%# à¼agricultural€holdings€and€structural€surveys);Ð ‰ ê#‰ ê# ÐÌà á à(iii)à0 ‰ àMaintaining€agricultural€data€collection€system€(decentralizedÐ W Ðversus€centralized€system€of€data€collection;€parallelÏresponsibilities€of€international€and€national€statisticalÏoffices€and€ministries€of€agriculture,€their€cooperation€andÏproblems;€special€surveys€on€animal€and€crop€production;€the€useÏof€new€technologies€for€dataà ñ àña ñcollection,e.g.ña ñña ñcollection,€e.g.ña ñ€remote€sensing;Ð Â! Ðmethods€of€collection€of€statistics€under€budgetary€constraintsÏ„€the€same€quality€for€less€costs);€Ð ‰ ê#‰ ê# ÐÌà á à(iv)à0 ‰ àJoint€data€collection€by€international€organizations€andÐ ~%¾" Ðexchange€of€data(comparability€across€countries€and€betweenÏorganizations€„€definitions€and€classifications€used;€newÏinformation€technologies,€e.g.€Internet,€and€opportunitiesÏcreated€for€data€storage,€exchange€and€dissemination).Ð ‰ ê#‰ ê# ÐÌ37.à á àIn€discussing€this€agenda€item€the€meeting€welcomed€the€closeÐ +X%( Ðcooperation€between€ECE,€Eurostat,€FAO€and€OECD€and€considered€it€as€aÏprerequisite€for€the€success€of€future€work€in€this€area.€€The€participantsÏâ âalso€agreed€that€a€biennial€frequency€of€meetings€provides€a€very€goodÐ å-%(+ Ðña ñoportunityña ñña ñopportunityña ñ€for€exchange€of€information€on€new€developments€and€research€inÏagricultural€statistics.Ìâ âÌÌò ò(l)à á àOther€businessó óÐ l ¼ ÐÌ38.à á àThe€World€Wide€Web€site€of€the€IWG.AGRI€was€demonstrated.€Ð J š ÐÌ39.à á àThe€meeting€adopted€its€report.Ð (x ÐÌà@//&¹à_____________ˆÌÓ€33 Ó