WPC0 |)__j5L&$Rk: ^7*B4G-fm f K ܔMy:Šdi8 m@ KC e6ktD,G'PA.}-g-%Ҹo nu 6r 8"tFoyU3z'@OoXnVHUqju-6&o,` ^&KG /?*Cʩj,f`(U ~,&Ü &n$0ٗo07MN5)cjOddf~9Mߛ;"(ޛe(kl.ΰ~_cl?4&q"&^`pf"i>x \hf}hjdAX}wspq!vی޼O\˧@FsKrԹ)(R>*UB# UN %1 0*7U>aw@4 D3 005U.e6 0FdoFFNdH h U&d &&' B(dg+( AG(2(d ) ) 0F)f,,a.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,., 0FB, D+...................... AY. / 0F/GE.97-9730752FINAL !) ' JCES/AC/61/67 FAO/ECE:ESS(97)-450MTW . 6  HP LaserJet IIIHPPCL5MS,,,,,,,,0 (9 Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($TRW 6&A4W 6&A46&A46&A4T+ }}X2XXX7X'X2  UKUS.,  <( 9Z &Courier Regular DDUDDUbVbC" X"3|x'dxd0 .Normal     ! ! XX       ! ! XX  <@p `(Courier ,CV~=~{SQRTVHAT(NMsuby)}overTHATLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3:$ !TRW 6&A43'6&A43'T+ }XcmXXXXXcm  UKUS.,   %%CV%%Ml %$^%(^P%%%%V%%(%%6N%%MnnOy%%)%%@l%%@T    :'+ X_XXXeXX_  UKUS.,  CES/AC.61/67  FAO/ECE:ESS(97)M45page  2   e #:(+ X_XXXeXX_  UKUS.,  ! ++X!    CES/AC.61/67      FAO/ECE:ESS(97)M45    page  2   <(Nsuby)~=~Nsup2({SSup2}overn)~(NM~noverN)(TNLLy)u"NLL2("4SLLX2]:n)m(NMn:N,)$6$$$$?$$$Y@$$$$$$h@$\@$@$)\(?$S@$p= ף?$$@$`|@$*@$Q?$`c@${Gz?$$Ȅ@$`@$@$Q?$D@$333333?$$X@$ h@$*@$?$@h@$?$$?$n@$@$Q?$@b@$Q?$$@$@$:@$?$@j@$Q?TABLE A$ KUHAT~=~YHATsub{sy}~=~{{{SUM}FROM{i=1}ton}ysubi}over{n}%%X%%U%%%%%%Ynnsy%%8%%%Innnnn#inn#nn$#1%%ynni%%@n THAT~=~{N}UHAT d%%El%%@T%%@%%@N%%;l%%@U Aj  CI (CV~=~{SQRTVHAT(Nsuby)}overTHAT %%CV%%MD %$^%(^P%%%%V%%(%%6NnnOy%%)%%$l%%@T(3:$ !TRW 6&A43'6&A43'T+ }XcmXXXXXcm  UKUS.,   TABLE A(3:$ !TRW 6&A43'6&A43'T+ }XcmXXXXXcm  UKUS.,   'dxdM << deUULevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(n$ (  1  ) !TRW 6&A43'6&A43'T+ }X_XXXeXX_  UKUS.,   }ћ    3      ;      C CES/AC.61/67      3      ;      C FAO/ECE:ESS(97)M45    3      ;      C 22April1997    3      ;      C ENGLISH    3      ;      C Original:RUSSIANECONOMICCOMMISSIONFOREUROPE ; FOODANDAGRICULTUREORGANIZATIONOF  0     3      ; THEUNITEDNATIONSCONFERENCEOFEUROPEANSTATISTICIANSStudyGrouponFoodandAgricultural   StatisticsinEurope ]  (Geneva,30JuneM3July1997)̜Item10oftheProvisionalagenda@ pPRIVATEFARMSTATISTICS@  pDocumentsubmittedbytheUkrainianMinistryofStatistics  1.  Ukrainehasrecentlybeenundergoingadifficultentryintothemarket.  Onecomponentofitseconomictransformationhasbeenagrarianreform,aϜkeyareaofwhichhasbeentheemergenceofanewpatternofownershipinagriculture-thesmallpeasant(private)farm.2.  Thedevelopmentandintegrationofthisnewtypeofagrarianunitinto n theexistingeconomicsystemhastakenplaceagainstaneconomicbackgroundϜofscantresourcesandinflation.Peasant(private)farmsbegantobesetϜupinUkraineaslongagoas1989.By1January1990,localSovietshadregistered43privatefarms,andbythetimethePeasant(Private)FarmsActwaspassed(December1991),therewerealreadyrathermorethan2,000.3.  AnaddendumtothePeasant(Private)FarmsActwaspassedin1993, a!$ definingapeasant(private)farmasanundertakingbyUkrainiancitizensϜwhohaveindicatedadesiretoproduceagriculturalcommoditiesandconcernthemselveswiththeirprocessingandsale.Onceatractoflandhasbeenallocatedinthecountryside(locality),aStatedeedconferringownership,permanentortemporaryuseofthelandhasbeenissuedandStateregistrationaccorded,apeasant(private)farmacquiresthestatusofabodycorporate,obtainsasealbearingitsnameandaddress,andcanopencurrentandotheraccountswithbankinginstitutionsandenterintorelationswithbusinesses,institutionsandorganizations.ThepeasantfarmerisrecognizedasanindependentproducerbyStatebodiesandthelocalauthorities.4.  Titletoortheuseoftractsnotexceeding50haofarableland * %0 Мand100haintotal(100haofarablelandindistrictsexperiencinglabourshortagesinthesettlements)maybeaccordedforthepurposeofoperatingGE.97M30752(E)  0*7 }`peasant(private)farms.Inordertocreatefarmsofasensiblesize,UkrainiancitizensrunningprivatefarmsmayalsorentadditionaltractsϜforproductivepurposes.̜5.  Underthelaw,newpeasant(private)farmsareexemptfromtaxesonland  andprofitsforthreeyears(fiveindistrictsexperiencinglabourshortages).6.  Peasant(private)farmsmustkeepbooksontheiroperationsoverthe " j financialyearandsubmitstatisticalreturns.7.  In1992theMinistryofStatisticsintroducedtwomandatoryreturnsfor t   peasant(private)farms:the Finalreportonreturnsfromsowingforharvest :  duringthecurrentyearandthe Reportonpeasant(private)farmactivity. H  Bothhavetobesubmittedonceayear.8.  Since1991theMinistryhasalsoconductedsevencomprehensiveand R  twosamplesurveysofvariousaspectsofpeasant(private)farmactivities.9.  Thecomprehensivesurveyprogrammeshaveincludedsuchmattersas   Мnumberofworkers;numbersofeachtypeoflivestock,andlivestockproductsoutput;availabilityofvariouskindsoffarmequipmentandtypesoflandϜuse;outputofeachoftheprincipalcrops;production-relatedincomeandexpenditurebyprivatefarms;salesoftheprincipalkindsoffarmproduce;typesofcollaborationwithcollectiveandothercategoriesofagriculturalundertaking;thephysicallocationofprivatefarmersland;housingandcommunalservicesonprivatefarmsandothersocialquestions.Asurveyofcapitalconstructionhastakenplaceeveryotheryear.10.  Accordingtosurveysbystatisticalbodies,threequartersofprivate ` farmsarebasedaroundsinglefamilies,aboutaquarteraroundtwoorϜthreefamilies,and8%aroundfourormore.Abreakdownbyagerevealsprivatefarmerstobemostly(70%)intheirmostproductiveyears,betweenϜtheagesof31and50.Threequartersoftheheadsofprivatefarmshaveworkedinagriculturebefore,whilealmostaquarterareurbandwellerswhohavedecidedtotrytheirhandsatfarming.Some40%ofprivatefarmershaveabackgroundofspecialagriculturaleducation,whileonlyaquarterhaveundergonespecializedagriculturaltraining.Bythebeginningof1995privatefarmsemployed48,000workers,12%ofthemunderlabouragreementsorcontracts.Additionally,athirdofallpeopleinpermanentemploymenthavedoneseasonalworkonprivatefarms.11.  Themajorityofprivatefarmsgrowcropsforsale.Theabsenceof n%) start-upcapital(credit,investment)doesnotmakeforthecreationofproductivefixedassets,theacquisitionofcattleorlivestockproductiongenerally.Forthetimebeing,theinsignificantquantitiesoflivestockϜkeptareforfarmersownuse.12.  Anumberofotherfactorshampertheestablishmentandgrowthof *Z$/ Мprivatefarms:thesmallsizeofthetractsofland,difficultieswithobtainingsupplies,andthelackoflegislativesafeguardsandbanksupport.Butthefarmsarecontinuingtomakeheadway.On1January1997therewere35,000peasant(private)farmsinindependentoperation, *-r'3 `}  working835,000haofagriculturalland(2%ofallthefarmlandinUkraine)including765,000 haofarableland.Onaverage,eachfarmoccupies24haoffarmlandand22haofarableland.13.  Theformationofpeasant(private)farmsonthetraditionalpatternhas  slowedmarkedlyinrecentyears.Whereas27,000farms(78%)weresetupbetween1991and1993,only7,000werein1994-1995,andrathermorethan500in1996.̜FOROFFSETGRAPH̛̛̜14.  Intheprocessofreorganizationoffarmbusinesses,farmsofavariety V"% ofdifferentadministrativeandlegalkindshaverecentlycomeintoexistence,amongthemprivateandprivateleaseholdfarmswithanaverageof1,800 haoffarmland.These,likethesmallpeasant(private)farms,belongtotheprivatesector,butthismakesfordifficultiesinthestatisticalmonitoringofthiscategoryofenterprise.15.  Thesteadygrowthofpeasant(private)farmsandemergenceofnew '", kindsofadministrativeandlegalventuresdemandsdetailedstatisticalinvestigation,andthisisthereasonforthechangeovertothenewsurveyingmethods.Forreliabilityssake,Ukraineisatpresentusingboththeϛtraditional,comprehensive-surveymethodandsampleobservations,whicharethemostefficientmeansofgatheringstatistics.̜ d,&2 16.  Intheinterestsofamorethoroughinvestigationoftheactivities *-r'3 ofpeasant(private)farms,aregisterwasestablishedattheMinistryof  -8(4 }Statisticsin1996onthebasisoftheSingleStateRegisterofOrganizationsandEnterprises,enablingallindividualfarmerstobetakenintoaccountandservingasameansofselectingfarmsforsamplesurveys,whileineffectbecominganautomatedbankofdataonsuchfarms.17.  Theregisterofpeasant(private)farmsoperatesattheStateand   regional(oblast)levels.Itisupdatedeveryquarter.Itincludesfull \  addressdataontheeconomicunitsinoperationinthegeographicalentitysurveyed,andtheirlandareas.18.  Anexperimentalsamplesurvey(20%)ofpeasant(private)farmsin t   sixUkrainianoblastswasconductedinNovember1996.Theprincipal :  indicatorusedtoselectfarmsforsamplingwaslandareainhectares.ϜThetaskwastoobtainacorrectsamplebymeansofarandomselectionϜfromtheregister.HenceunitsforthesurveyweresystematicallyselectedϜindecreasingorderoflandarea.19.  Thesurveyprogrammecoveredvariousaspectsofpeasant(private)farm &  activity.Dataweregatheredbyaskingtheheadsoffarmingestablishmentstofillinquestionnaires,andthedatawerecollectedwithinthetimeallocated.Checksontheaccuracyoftheanswersgivenwereperformedtoprovidequality-controlinformationforthefinalcalculations.Muchofthecheckingwasdevotedtoverifyingtheconsistencyofthedata,byanalysingtherelationshipsbetweenindicatorsusedwithinthequestionnaire.Arithmeticchecksonthedatawereperformedasmistakeswereidentifiedduringthelogicalchecking.Datawereinputmanually,usingadisplay,bytheagriculturaldepartmentsinoblaststatisticaloffices.Theinformationwas  processedautomaticallyattheStatelevel.Thesamplemeanwascalculatedusingtheformula:̜m7'#`| )* `%E+* "c/ mߛExtrapolatedvalueswereobtainedusingtheformula:m7'#`|b ^ `%E+ "^ UcE!Jm V"% Thecoefficientofvariationforeachindicatorwascalculatedasfollows:m 7'#`| ) & `%E+5% &G O~cm$mߛm !7'#`| ) & `%E7"& &o!%&mߜ̜andtocalculateX_XeԀV(Ny)#eXX_O-# '", М̛theformulausedwas̜m7'#`|  `E+(mc'Gmߛ +%1 М  d,&2 whereN=sizeofthetotalseries̜yi=valueofthefeatureinthei-thunitinthesample  n=samplesizey=averagevalueofthefeatureinthesample̜S2=varianceofthefeatureinthesample. t   20.  Theresultsobtainedfromthissamplesurveyofpeasant(private)farms H  inUkrainearereproducedinpartintable1.@(pTable1 R  *w$%*ddd Xdd Xdd X+#+#w,dd ,dd,dd,dd,dd@,dd,dd@+  # &  #Oblast <2#"ur <No.offarms .$B " .CerealsandleguminouscropsMtotal %B " % % 8 %on1/10/96 <2#(p" ss <surveyed <2#b"  <areaharvested,ha .$b" .grossintake(x100kg) %b" %  X   X  ! X !T ' " 'CV '!" 'T '"" 'CV #" МVolynsk ?5 /w$ h@557h@?557 i_3/w%U h@557 h@ \@112\@i112 H>3/w&U \@112 \@ H4571 I?/w'U )\(?0.11)\(?I0.11 I?4/w(U )\(?0.11 )\(? I79198 I?/w)U p= ף?0.13p= ף?I0.13 C94/w*U p= ף?0.13 p= ף? CМDonetsk .$+ .2270 XN,U `|@454`|@X454 XN@-U `|@454 `|@ X13421 YO.U Q?0.07Q?Y0.07 YOA/U Q?0.07 Q? Y155336 YO0U {Gz?0.08{Gz?Y0.08 PFA1U {Gz?0.08 {Gz? PМIvanoMFrankovsk OE+2 Ȅ@665Ȅ@O665 yo@+3U Ȅ@665 Ȅ@ `@134`@y134 XN@+4U `@134 `@ X3152 YO+5U Q?0.14Q?Y0.14 YOA+6U Q?0.14 Q? Y41883 YO+7U 333333?0.15333333?Y0.15 PFA+8U 333333?0.15 333333? PKiev OE=9 X@939X@O939 yo@=:U X@939 X@  h@193 h@y193 XN@=;U  h@193  h@ X13654 YO=<U ?0.10?Y0.10 YOA==U ?0.10 ? Y194452 YO=>U ?0.10?Y0.10 PFA=?U ?0.10 ? PМLvov .$@ .1195 XNAU n@240n@X240 XN@BU n@240 n@ X7939 YOCU Q?0.07Q?Y0.07 YOADU Q?0.07 Q? Y146243 YOEU Q?0.07Q?Y0.07 PFAFU Q?0.07 Q? PМNikolaevka .$9G .4959 XN9HU @947@X947 XN@9IU @947 @ X26149 YO9JU ?0.05?Y0.05 YOA9KU ?0.05 ? Y210829 YO9LU Q?0.07Q?Y0.07QGE9MU Q?0.07  Q? Q22.  Thefindingsrevealthatthestandarderrorand,hence,thelimitsof  N accuracydependonsamplesize,therelativesizeoftheselectionn/N,andthevariationinthefeatureinthetotalseriesandthesizeofthatseries.23.  Inearly1997theMinistryofStatisticsobtainedthedatafromthe # R comprehensivesurveyof(small)privatefarms;comparingthesewiththefiguresfromthesamplesurveysuggeststhatthesampledataobtainedwererepresentative.Forexample,thedeviationforgrossintakeofcerealsandleguminouscropsis0.03,forsugarbeetis0.01,forpotatoesis-0.15,andforcattlenumbersis-0.01.24.  SinceUkrainianexpertshavenothadenoughpracticalexperience, /)w#Y underaprogrammeofcooperationbetweentheMinistryofStatisticsandtheUnitedStatesNationalAgriculturalStatisticsService(NASS),expertsfromtheUnitedStateshavebeentakingpartintheconductofthesurveyandanalysisofthefindings.  -U'^ 25.  Whenthedefinitiveresultsareavailable,theapproachtakentothe  statisticalmonitoringofpeasant(private)farmsandotherquestionsrelatingtoagriculturalstatisticswillbereviewedandtherelevantsoftwareupgraded.Samplesurveyswillbeconductedinallregions,accountbeingtakenofthedistrictlevel.26.  Ifthesenewmonitoringmethodsaretobesuccessfullyintroduced, \  besidessettinguptheregisterofpeasant(private)farmsanddevelopingsoftwarethereisagreatdealoftrainingofoblast-andregional-level  0 expertstodo.Forthispurpose,aseminaristobeheldontheplannedsamplesurvey,possiblywithparticipationbyexpertsfromtheUnitedStates.Planshavealsobeendrawnupfortheupgradingandrenovationofcommunicationsandtechnicalinfrastructureattheoblastanddistrict H  Мlevels,inordertopermitfasterandbetterdataprocessing,analysisanddisseminationofthefindingstoawiderangeofusers,togetherwithcomparisons-geographicalandregional-withthefindingsofearliersurveys,andtoofferanindicationoftheoutlookforthefuture.@vv)pMMMMM