ÿWPCÊ B_|{šW É”"…žÛ©ÉØ/_Ó¼ÒLŸv¡¨^…vS C>6Ȟͷ"¡>ÝþÝè8‚Â_ÌYó—÷‰¦žI…ŸM«¤Y5U½ÂM;—ÄKiϨXÄmCs qq4ß`ÿ¦äU—éöS'$‰MZ¤c)óÃÇÄÅ{\©Õ±`±Zصý­Õ³Ç¶~„,Cà^Ÿö¸TˆrÏ”dºÞ/–HýtÈ=œ[ ›£¦¼Žn5>0gçŽ ð!ÍÞ%qgŽƒï™íÑôÛG¸ý³õ]…[¹j¥;†žÆ1O ¹*Fus€)².rPpr#/vTR¸Ñêm¦6Èi¥†þQj. OñÉÞ8ÂÙÌßÙáã8Θ>'£ÍÖ…+ÎÄÙê ™ÜÅ)"æ•Àƒ×/ØÎÔ5êùÒ:]ÊOàäÌŠsì»QœÈ\Çï?­=iæ4t ;`àØ( в0‡õFåg—ÜSÓ]Æb ë߯ûe¢a6Wªðüä²zÊ] $!еrÓÕëÈç‹îfjÞJäÊJ¶ì9ãKÃ@\r&CjCº„lÜ`5SÞ?%Å-$7óðËYou|¤X÷ÚNî|µ›"tÌ%¢ 9¤·©äb(¯øÁ!-˜v# UN %g 0*mU>— w@Õ 4 ) 8 0|R Î hÎ6 0F>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 0F„97307499730749Í!) ' "CES/AC.61/620mbk . 5  ˜HP LaserJet 5Si/5Si MXHP5SI,à$$,à0 (ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX(êé$¡¡ÑTRW Ï6Á&ÿA4W Ï6Á&ÿA4Ï6Á&ÿA4Ï6Á&ÿA4TÑÒ+°ÒÒ °ÒÑ}}ÑÑØØÑÔ€X‚2XXXÔÔ€ôÅ7ôX'X‚2ÔÓ  ÓÓÆÓÔUKUS.,ÔÑ  Ñ<èÀ( 9Z &Courier Regular Db E ÏÐD¶€y"鉞"!ç 3|x Ý ƒ,AA'ÝÒ+°ÒÒŰÒÔ€XcXXXÔÔ€ô$@ôXXcÔÓ  ÓÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  Ýmbk›à@™™™“àðMð€Ú  Ú2Ú  Ú€ðMðˆà ë àà C àœCES›/AC.61/62Ð Ø Ðà ƒ àà Û àà 3 àà ‹ àà ã àà ; àà “ àà ë àà C àFAO/œECE›:€ESS(97)ðMð40Ìà ƒ àà Û àà 3 àà ‹ àà ã àà ; àà “ àà ë àà C à97ðMðœ30749S1›€œE97S3›Ì@ éü0RomPos1RomPos1Ó +¬È °œXÓÓ +¬È °œXÓ öÝ ƒ,EÑ'ÝÒ+°ÒÒ °ÒÔ€Xã|XXXÔÔ€ôÔSôXXã|ÔÓ  ÓÓÆÓÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝCES/AC.61/62Ð Ø ÐFAO/ECE:ESS(97)ðMð40Ìpage€Ú  Ú2Ú  ÚÌ ^Ý ƒEÑ(ÝÒ+°ÒÒ °ÒÔ€Xã|XXXÔÔ€ôÔSôXXã|ÔÓ  ÓÓÆÓÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  Ýà ƒ àà Û àà 3 àà ‹ àà ã àà ; àà “ àà ë àà C àà › àCES/AC.61/62Ð Ø Ðà ƒ àà Û àà 3 àà ‹ àà ã àà ; àà “ àà ë àà C àà › àFAO/ECE:ESS(97)ðMð40Ìà ƒ àà Û àà 3 àà ‹ àà ã àà ; àà “ àà ë àà C àà › àpage€Ú  Ú2Ú  ÚÌ(3—:$¨¨Ý ƒêé!ÝÑTRW`Ï6Á&ÿA43Ø'Ð6Â&A4ÿ3Ø'TÑÒ+°ÒÒ °ÒÑ}°ÑÑØ°ÑÔ€X¦FXXXÔÔ€ôÞâôXX¦FÔÓ  ÓÓÆÓÔUKUS.,ÔÑ  ÑÝ  Ý(3—:$§§Ý ƒêé!ÝÑTRW`Ï6Á&ÿA43Ø'Ð6Â&A4ÿ3Ø'TÑÒ+°ÒÒ °ÒÑ}°ÑÑØ°ÑÔ€X¦FXXXÔÔ€ôÞâôXX¦FÔÓ  ÓÓÆÓÔUKUS.,ÔÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒêé!ÝÑTRW`Ï6Á&ÿA43Ø'Ð6Â&A4ÿ3Ø'TÑÒ+°ÒÒ °ÒÑ}°ÑÑØ°ÑÔ€X¦FXXXÔÔ€ôÞâôXX¦FÔÓ  ÓÓÆÓÔUKUS.,ÔÑ  ÑÝ  Ý›ÑbØÑщ}Ñà ƒ àà Û àà 3 àà ‹ àà ã àà ; àà “ àà ë àà C àœCES›/AC.61/62Ð b Ðà ƒ àà Û àà 3 àà ‹ àà ã àà ; àà “ àà ë àà C àFAO/œECE:ESS(97)ðMð40›Ìà ƒ àà Û àà 3 àà ‹ àà ã àà ; àà “ àà ë àà C à22€April€1997ÌÌà ƒ àà Û àà 3 àà ‹ àà ã àà ; àà “ àà ë àà C àENGLISHÌà ƒ àà Û àà 3 àà ‹ àà ã àà ; àà “ àà ë àà C àOriginal:€€RUSSIANÌÌÌÌECONOMIC€COMMISSION€FOR€EUROPEà€ÒÒ+¶#àFOOD€AND€AGRICULTURE€ORGANIZATIONˆÐ Xö  Мà ƒ àà Û àà 3 àà ‹ àà ã àà ; àà “ à€€€OF€THE€UNITED€NATIONSÌCONFERENCE›€OF€EUROPEAN€œSTATISTICIANS›€ÌòòStudy€Group€on€Food€and€AgriculturalÐ ªH  ÐStatistics€in€EuropeóóÐ p  Ð(Geneva,€30€œJuneðMð3›€July€1997)ÌItem€6€of€the€provisional€agendaÌÌÌÌà@†† pàRESULTS€OF€REFORMING€AGRICULTURAL€STATISTICS€UNDER€TRANSITIONˆÌÌà@ÆÆpàNEW€LEGISLATION€ON€STATISTICSˆÌÌà@  pàòòDocument€submitted€by€the€Ukrainian€Ministry€of€StatisticsóóˆÐ ,Ê ÐÌ1.à ƒ àUnder€difficult€economic€conditions,€œas€the›€entire€Ukrainian€economyÐ ¸V Ðundergoes€reform€and€the€transition€to€a€market€basis,€the€role€of€statisticsÏhas€been€increasing€significantly,€and€the€relationship€of€statistics€to€bothÏcommodity€producers€and€government€bodies€has€grown€more€complicated.€€For€itÏis€precisely€in€such€conditions€that€upðMðtoðMðdate€and€reliable€reflections€ofÏreality€are€needed€in€order€to€take€the€right€decisions.ÌÌ2.à ƒ àRealizing€the€importance€of€statistics€to€the€life€of€the€nation,€afterÐ " À  Ðindependence€Ukraine€formulated€and€in€September1992€adopted€a€National€StateÏStatistics€Act.€€The€Act€governs€legal€relations€in€the€statistical€domain€andÏprimary€accounting,€lays€down€the€powers€and€functions€of€State€statisticalÏbodies€and€establishes€the€groundwork€for€a€Ukrainian€State€informationÏsystem.ÌÌ3.à ƒ àThe€Act€extends€to€all€bodies€corporate€operating€in€Ukraine,€toÐ Œ%*' ÐUkrainian€bodies€corporate€outside€the€country,€and€to€all€physical€personsÏresident€in€Ukrainian€territory.ÌÌ4.à ƒ àThe€Act€specifies€that€State€statistics€in€Ukraine€are€maintained€by€theÐ ¤(B!+ ÐMinistry€of€Statistics€and€by€State€statistical€bodies€in€the€AutonomousÏRepublic€of€Crimea,€the€regions,€districts€and€towns,€all€of€which€function€inÏaccordance€with€regulations€approved€by€the€Cabinet€of€Ministers.€€State€ÌœÌÌÌÌÌGE.97ðMð30749›€€œ(E)›Ð  š/8(4 ÐÑØbÑœññÑ}‰Ñ›ññññÑb‰Ññññ ñÖ€ ÿÿÖñ ññ ñÖ€ ÿÿÖñ ñññÖ€ ÿÿÖññstatistics€are€also€kept,€however,€to€an€extent€established€by€agreement€withÏthe€State€statistical€bodies€and€using€approved€State€reporting€procedures€byÏministries,€governmental€departments€and€other€legal€entities€for€use€withinÏtheir€spheres€of€competence.ÌÌ5.›à ƒ àUnder€the€State€Statistics€œAct,›€all€statistical€observations€conductedÐ – Þ Ðunder€the€statistics€plan€approved€by€the€Cabinet€of€Ministers€are€financedÏfrom€the€State€budget.€€Additional€work€is€financed€by€the€entitiesÏcommissioning€it.ÌÌ6.à ƒ àThe€Act€requires€all€bodies€corporate€and€individuals€engaged€inÐ t ¼  Ðentrepreneurial€activity€to€make€available,€free€of€charge€and€in€full,€allÏnecessary€and€trustworthy€data,€within€established€time€limits,€followingÏapproved€procedures.ÌÌ7.à ƒ àPrimary€data€are€used€as€a€rule€in€statistical€compilations,Ð Rš  Ðcompendiums,€reports€and€the€like.€€Information€on€citizens€may€be€used€onlyÏin€aggregate€form€or€anonymously;€State€and€commercial€secrecy€must€beÏrespected€in€the€use€of€information€on€bodies€corporate.ÌÌ8.à ƒ àThe€Act€also€clearly€defines€the€rights€and€obligations€of€the€StateÐ 0x Ðstatistical€bodies€and€other€bodies€using€statistics,€and€makes€breaches€ofÏthose€rights€and€obligations€an€offence.ÌÌ9.à ƒ àThe€adoption€of€market€relations€in€the€Ukrainian€economy€hasÐ H Ðnecessitated€the€reorganization€of€the€system€of€accounts€and€reports€and€theÏdevelopment€and€introduction€of€statistical€indicators€which€can€describe€theÏcourse€of€economic€reform€generally,€and€in€agriculture€in€particular.€ÏRefinements€to€the€methodology€for€compiling€basic€agricultural€indicators€andÏto€the€system€of€statistical€observations€have€been€made€on€the€basis€of€theÏState€programme€for€transition€to€the€international€system€of€accounting€andÏstatistics,€which€is€one€of€the€principal€regulatory€instruments€forÏstatistical€bodies.€€All€work€over€the€past€four€years€has€been€devoted€to€theÏexecution€of€this€programme.ÌÌ10.à ƒ àInternational€comparability€is€already€a€feature€of€all€physical€andÐ Ê # Ðmost€cost€indicators€in€the€agricultural€sector.€€Among€other€things,€theÏmethodology€for€calculating€gross€output€and€crop€yields€has€been€improved€andÏthat€used€for€calculating€areas€sown€has€been€changed:€€gross€output€of€grainÏhas€been€converted€from€the€weight€initially€recorded€to€weight€afterÏtreatment,€and€gross€sugar€beet€output€(factory€delivered),€from€physicalÏweight€to€œchargeable›€weight€(without€soil,€tops€and€impurities).€€AlthoughÏthese€conversions€reduce€gross€output€figures,€they€make€the€figures€moreÏaccurate,€reflecting€actual€yields.€€The€calculation€of€crop€yields€from€cropÏœarea›€has€been€replaced€by€a€new€calculation€of€yield€per€hectare€harvested,Ïaccount€being€taken€of€successive€and€œinterplanted›€crops.€€Following€theÏprogramme€of€the€FAO€Statistical€Yearbook,€additional€indicators€for€œfruitsÏand›€vegetables€have€been€introduced€in€order€to€obtain€more€specific€data€onÏœfruit€and›€vegetable€output.€€All€indicators€for€previous€years€have€beenÏconverted€region€by€region.ÌÌ11.à ƒ àThe€Ukrainian€Ministry€of€Statistics€has€developed€and€adopted€a€methodÐ *-r'3 Ðof€calculating€farm€output€in€value€terms€without€double€counting,€i.e.Ð ð-8(4 Ðexcluding€consumption€within€the€sector.€€Quarterly€and€annual€calculations€ofÏgross€valueðMðadded€in€agriculture€and€fisheries€have€been€performed€in€theÏsystem€of€national€accounts€for€the€country€as€a€whole,€and€a€methodologyÏdeveloped€for€introducing€such€calculations€at€the€district€level.€€FollowingÏthe€currency€reform€in€Ukraine€in€the€autumn€of€1996€and€the€establishment€ofÏa€stable€national€currency,€it€has€become€necessary€to€revise€the€pricesÏcompared€in€calculating€gross€agricultural€output.€€A€method€for€determiningÏcomparable€prices€has€been€developed,€and€over€the€course€of€1996€calculationsÏof€agricultural€output€will€be€conducted€using€both€the€traditional€and€theÏnew€œmethod.›ÌÌ12.à ƒ àThe€methodology€for€calculating€balances€of€staple€agriculturalÐ :‚  Ðproducts,€taking€account€of€imports€and€exports,€has€been€refined.€€There€is,Ïhowever,€problems€with€counting€imports€and€exports€of€foodstuffs€while€theÏcountry's€borders€are€porous€and€much€commerce€goes€unrecorded,€while€theÏproportion€of€ð ðshuttlingðð€in€total€foreign€trade€increases€year€by€year.Ð Rš  ÐÌ13.à ƒ àWork€has€been€done€on€changing€the€quality€characteristics€of€indicatorsÐ Þ&  Ðof€basic€commodity€consumption:€€daily€per€capita€calorie€intake,€food€proteinÏand€fat€content€of€food€and€a€number€of€indicators€of€daily€consumption€ofÏmicroðMð€and€macroðMðelements€are€calculated,€allowing€for€a€more€probing€analysisÏof€the€mix€of€goods€consumed.€€Alcoholic€beverages€are€included€in€dailyÏcalorie€intake,€and€tea€and€coffee€are€counted€among€the€stimulants.ÌÌ14.à ƒ àMethods€of€gathering€information€have€also€been€revised€in€connectionÐ H Ðwith€the€economic€changes€in€Ukraine.€€Sample€survey€methods€have€come€intoÏuse,€and€more€frequent€use€is€being€made€of€indicators.€€This€applies€inÏparticular€to€surveys€of€small€new€economic€entities.€€New€surveys€includeÏsmallholdings€(farms)€(once€or€twice€a€year),€privatized€businesses,€andÏmonthly€calculations€of€livestock€numbers€and€farm€output€by€new€small€farmsÏand€smallholdings.ÌÌ15.à ƒ àThe€switch€to€sample€surveying€gave€final€shape€to€the€concept€ðMð€knownÐ xÀ  Ðin€theory€but€little€used€in€practice€ðMð€of€a€ð ðthresholdðð€size€for€privateÐ >†! Ðfarms.€€While€comprehensive€statistics€were€still€gathered,€a€similar€conceptÏdefined€farm€size€by€reference€to€one€feature€only€ðMð€the€availability€ofÏfarming€land.€€The€threshold€value€was€50€hectares€of€land€for€farms€in€theÏpublic€sector.€€Output€on€smaller€farms€was€calculated€from€the€mean€valuesÏfor€similar€products€on€neighbouring€large€farms.ÌÌ16.à ƒ àFor€the€establishment€of€a€database€on€the€activities€of€smallholdingsÐ ¨$ð( Ð(farms),€a€register€based€on€the€unified€State€registry€of€businesses€andÏorganizations,€has€been€set€up.€€It€was€used€in€1996€in€a€sample€survey€ofÏsmallholdings€(farms),€using€a€methodology€developed€with€experts€from€theÏUSœDepartment›€of€Agriculture€National€Agricultural€Statistics€ServiceÏ(USDAññœññññÏññññ›ññNASS›).ÌÌ17.à ƒ àThis€was€a€trial€project€covering€a€quarter€of€the€country€and€everyÐ *Z$/ Ðfifth€private€farm.€€Analysis€of€the€material€gathered€showed€that:ÌÌÝ‚ éüÿÝÓ +¬È °œXÓÝ  ÝÝ‚ éüï'ÝÝ  Ýà‘€€¬à(œi›)ˆà0 È àthe€number€of€farms€submitting€reports€was€extremely€high,€at€œ98ññ%ññññ›per›Ð d,¬&2 Ðcentññ›Ð d,¬&2 Ðof€those€sampled;݃ éüï'((ÝŒÐ È µ#È µ# ÐŒÓ °œX+¬È ÓÝ  ÝÝ‚ éüÿÝÓ +¬È °œXÓÝ  ÝÝ‚ éü_)ÝÝ  Ý݃ éü_)˜)݌Рð-8(4 ÐŒÓ °œX+¬È ÓÝ  ÝÝ‚ éüÿÝÓ +¬È °œXÓÝ  ÝÝ‚ éü *ÝÝ  Ýà‘¬à(ii)ˆà0 È àthe€number€of€farms€reporting€no€or€partial€information€on€theirÐ ¸ Ðeconomic€activities€in€1996,€reached€1€in€3€in€certain€districts;݃ éü *F*ÝŒÐ È µ#È µ# ÐŒÓ °œX+¬È ÓÝ  ÝÝ‚ éüÿÝÓ +¬È °œXÓÝ  ÝÝ‚ éüv+ÝÝ  Ý݃ éüv+¯+݌̌Ó °œX+¬È ÓÝ  ÝÝ‚ éüÿÝÓ +¬È °œXÓÝ  ÝÝ‚ éü,ÝÝ  Ýà‘¸¸ ¬à(iii)ˆà0 È àgiven€that€the€sampling€percentage€was€high,€the€farms€notÐ  R Ðreporting€economic€activity€were€œnoññtññ›€excluded€from€or€replaced€inÏthe€sample;݃ éü,I,ÝŒÐ È µ#È µ# ÐŒÓ °œX+¬È ÓÝ  ÝÝ‚ éüÿÝÓ +¬È °œXÓÝ  ÝÝ‚ éüŒ-ÝÝ  Ý݃ éüŒ-Å-݌̌Ó °œX+¬È ÓÝ  ÝÝ‚ éüÿÝÓ +¬È °œXÓÝ  ÝÝ‚ éü&.ÝÝ  Ýà‘¬à(iv)ˆà0 È àfarms€are€coming€into€existence€unevenly€in€different€parts€ofÐ " j ÐUkraine,€depending€on€œsocio›ðMðeconomic€and€geographical€conditions.€ÏSome€district€administrations€had€records€of€every€farm€in€theirÏarea;݃ éü&._.ÝŒÐ È µ#È µ# ÐŒÓ °œX+¬È ÓÝ  ÝÝ‚ éüÿÝÓ +¬È °œXÓÝ  ÝÝ‚ éüÚ/ÝÝ  Ý݃ éüÚ/0݌̌Ó °œX+¬È ÓÝ  ÝÝ‚ éüÿÝÓ +¬È °œXÓÝ  ÝÝ‚ éüt0ÝÝ  Ýà‘€€¬à(v)ˆà0 È àthe€threeðMðtier€hierarchy€of€State€authorities€(national,€regionalÐ H  Ðand€district)€during€the€transition€period€makes€it€necessary€forÏState€statistical€bodies€to€provide€local€government€authoritiesÏwith€statistics€covering€their€district.€€This€is€possible€whenÏcomprehensive€statistics€are€kept,€as€was€traditional€in€theÏformer€USSR,€but€loses€its€advantages€and€economic€attractivenessÏwith€sample€surveys€when€for€completeness'€sake€it€is€necessary€toÏsample€not€at€the€second€but€at€the€third€(district)€level€ðMð€asÏdistinct€from€western€countries€where€the€samples€are€designed€forÏstudying€developments€at€two€levels€ðMð€national€and€provincial.݃ éüt0­0ÝŒÐ È µ#È µ# ÐŒÓ °œX+¬È ÓÝ  ÝÝ‚ éüÿÝÓ +¬È °œXÓÝ  ÝÝ‚ éüë3ÝÝ  Ý݃ éüë3$4݌̌Ó °œX+¬È ÓÝ  Ý18.à ƒ àA€method€has€been€developed€to€monitor€changes€in€farm€output€and€salesÐ ‚Ê Ðof€produce,€and€monthly€calculations€of€livestock€production€and€livestock€andÏpoultry€numbers€for€the€entire€private€sector€have€been€introduced.ÌÌ19.à ƒ àStatistical€reports€and€sample€surveys€are€being€used€to€monitor€andÐ šâ Ðanalyse€the€outcome€of€privatization€in€the€agricultural€sector€and€itsÏeconomic€consequences.€€Quarterly€(livestock€production)€and€yearly€(crop)Ïcomputer€analyses€of€information€on€the€activities€of€privatized€farms€haveÏbeen€introduced.ÌÌ20.à ƒ àThis€kind€of€analysis€does€not€require€additional€information€to€beÐ >†! Ðgathered.€€Each€deðMðœStatized›€(reformed)€farm€just€needs€to€provide€one€extraÏpiece€of€information€on€the€reporting€form.€€With€the€help€of€a€computer€andÏsome€software€they€can€then€be€grouped€together€in€all€indicators€forÏreporting€units€processed€by€State€statistical€bodies.€€Not€only€does€thisÏallow€reform€in€the€agrarian€sector€to€be€monitored€from€the€quantitativeÏstandpoint,€it€also€permits€comparison€of€qualitative€indicators€relating€toÏfarms€that€have€changed€their€form€of€ownership.ÌÌ21.à ƒ àThe€introduction€in€Ukraine€of€the€System€of€National€Accounts€makes€itÐ 4&| * Ðnecessary€to€refine€the€methodology€for€calculating€gross€output,€intermediateÏconsumption€and€gross€valueðMðadded€in€agriculture,€forestry€and€fisheriesÏdistrict€by€district,€and€this€is€being€worked€on€at€the€moment.ÌÌ22.à ƒ àOne€important€problem€in€Ukraine's€current€difficult€economicÐ *Z$/ Ðcircumstances€is€how€to€account€for€output€and€services€in€the€grey€economy.€ÏA€clear€methodology€for€the€statistical€study€of€the€grey€economy€must€beÏdeveloped,€notably€in€the€agricultural€sector.Ìâ âÐ *-r'3 Ð23.à ƒ àOne€of€the€main€problems€overall€is€how€to€incorporate€Ukraine€into€theÐ ¸ Ðâ âseries€of€worldwide€agricultural€censuses,€the€next€of€which€is€to€beÏconducted€in€the€year€2000.€€Ukraine's€statistical€bodies€regularly€conductÏcomprehensive€and€sample€surveys€on€agricultural€topics€such€as€areas€sown€toÏcrops€per€head€of€population€and€numbers€of€livestock€belonging€to€the€urbanÏpopulation.€€An€important€undertaking€planned€for€1997€is€a€survey€ofÏpermanent€crops€on€farms€of€all€categories,€besides€a€20€per€cent€sampleÏsurvey€of€land€sown€to€crops€on€subsidiary€holdings€and€private€farms.€ÏAlthough€such€surveys€have€been€conducted€in€Ukraine€for€years,€this€will€beÏthe€first€time€the€materials€have€been€assembled€under€the€Programme€for€theÏWorld€Census€of€Agriculture.€€It€will€therefore€be€necessary€to€deal€with€aÏnumber€of€methodological€issues,€such€as€drawing€up€a€census€programmeÏcombining€the€features€of€national€statistics€and€the€œññPññrogramme›€for€the€WorldÏCensus.ÌÌ24.à ƒ àSince€the€system€of€statistical€indicators,€and€farm€data€collection€andÐ Rš  Ðprocessing€methodology€do€not€match€those€in€the€Programme€for€the€WorldÏCensus,€it€would€be€helpful€from€our€point€of€view€to€receive€additionalÏassistance€from€international€statistical€organizations.ÌÌœ2ññ5ññññ4ññ.›à ƒ àRecently€there€has€been€a€tendency€to€expand€cooperation€and€strengthenÐ 0x Ðties€between€the€statistical€bodies€in€the€Ukraine€and€internationalÏorganizations.€€The€Ukrainian€Ministry€of€Statistics€has€been€working€closelyÏon€agricultural€statistics€with€the€US€Department€of€Agriculture€NationalÏAgricultural€Statistics€Service,€and€on€a€number€of€topics€with€the€GermanÏFederal€Statistics€Department.€€Under€these€arrangements€the€United€States€andÏGermany€provide€the€Ukrainian€Ministry€of€Statistics€with€technical€assistanceÏand€train€Ukrainian€staff€in€obtaining€upðMðtoðMðdate€and€reliable€statisticalÏinformation€in€the€agricultural€sphere.€€Contact€is€also€being€maintained€withÏthe€United€Kingdom€statistical€services.ÌÌ26.à ƒ àThe€Ukrainian€Ministry€of€Statistics€regularly€supplies€information€toÐ ²ú Ðinternational€organizations€such€as€the€Food€and€Agriculture€Organization€ofÏthe€United€Nations€(FAO),€the€Organization€for€Economic€Cooperation€andÏDevelopment€(OECD),€the€Economic€Commission€for€Europe,€the€EuropeanÏStatistical€Service,€the€International€Bank€for€Reconstruction€and€DevelopmentÏand€the€World€Bank.ÌÌ27.à ƒ àSpecial€mention€must€be€made€of€the€substantial€assistance€affordedÐ #d& Ðduring€a€visit€to€Ukraine€by€the€FAO€expert,€Mr.€E.€œGillin›.€€He€lucidlyÏexpounded€the€principles€of€index€calculation€for€food€and€farm€output€andÏspelt€out€all€the€other€methodological€points€relating€to€the€system€ofÏindicators€presented€in€the€FAO€Production€Yearbook:€€the€calculation€ofÏlivestock€production€indices€in€live€and€carcass€weight;€the€evaluation€ofÏfood€holdings€and€consumption€per€capita;€and€approaches€and€standards€used€byÏFAO€experts€to€calculate€daily€calorie€intake.ÌÌ28.à ƒ àConsiderable€attention€was€also€devoted€to€the€forthcoming€WorldÐ *Z$/ ÐAgricultural€Census€in€the€year€2000€and€the€methodology€behind€indicators€ofÏUkrainian€foreign€trade€in€food€and€farm€produce.€€Such€assistance€is€doublyÏprecious€given€that€Ukraine€is€not€even€a€member€of€FAO.ÌÌà@¨¨)pàðMððMððMððMð