WPC@ Q(<{lk201wעL}0L[)TzmjiWmTyK?X%9Ηb>Lg[ EG5 K*%Z t7SAAc{M(xF:n9Lʛu#cT9e:šLNMA$uw$I3#< 2jMB?ME{⪈Msڜ1ߞϐYL[BW~/'Av4YZ%׽Re4 3 ђz `+Z,8KkRxDrMU:vsʨNДP۩''C-cf`& B 2C`Dt ؄sPmS\M޲yӫ{E?g7^_LCjBLF{;! 06 0  0 0 0A 0 0 0' 0 0 0. 0y 0kK 0k 0~! 0~ 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0A 0TUU2: % 0j 0eS 0W 0W! 0f! 0j! 0T" 0 # 0# 0i$ 0J% 0>& 0E' 0-_( 0@) 0* 0+ 0, 0, 0P- 0- 0. 0^/ 0/ 0zz0 00 11 02l3 0a7U.V8E8 08 j9 0={9 0F9 0P9 1N: 0(: 0V ; 0_; 0w< 0s= 0{> 0w? 0s@ 0oA 0~kB 0~C 0gE 0~cF 0~G 0~_I 0~J 0~[L 0~M 0WO 0P 0gR 0S 0T 0U 0iW 0iX 0Y 0k[ 0k\ 0 k] 0w^ 0w_ 0w` 0wa 0wb 0c 0{e 0{f 0g 0i 0k 0l 0n 0o 0q 0r 0$t 0(u 0,v 0w 0x 0:z 0{ 0B| 0B~ 0EQ 0E 0Eہ 0B 0b 0BU 0B 0Mه 0J& 0Wp 0Nj 0ڌ 0֍UB 0*U.UB- 0#o 0 0 0' 0 0s 0 0X 0+ 0 0 0 0 0Z 0/ 0 0ë 0 0a<U6 D+˱ 0a 0J AMgoI@r 1m 1m 1bn ) 0F0  Bv   1m h  0bh h h  0 w@ 4 U/6   V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V >^ l83:Technical[1]Technical Document Style  23  Ԁ     .. l-(:Technical[2]Technical Document Style 23  Ԁ   .. l*$:Technical[3]Technical Document Style 23  Ԁ   .. l&$:Technical[4]Technical Document Style 23  Ԁ   .. l/:Technical[5]Technical Document Style.. 23  Ԁ. l/:Technical[6]Technical Document Style.. 23  Ԁ. l/:Technical[7]Technical Document Style.. 23  Ԁ. l/:Technical[8]Technical Document Style.. 23  Ԁ. VV!8Document[1]Document Style  @..  23  Ԁ     Ԉ V-8Document[2]Document Style 23  Ԁ   V=8Document[3]Document Style.. 23  Ԁ   V 8Document[4]Document Style.. . V 8Document[5]Document Style0..V 8Document[6]Document Style8..V& 8Document[7]Document Style0..0` ..` V& 8Document[8]Document Style0..8` ..` zS :Right Par[1]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..23  Ԁ..0..zf :Right Par[2]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..` 23  Ԁ..0` ..` zy :Right Par[3]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. 23  Ԁ` ..` 0 .. z :Right Par[4]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..23  Ԁ .. 0..z :Right Par[5]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..h..h23  Ԁ..0h..hz :Right Par[6]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..h..h..23  Ԁh..h0..z :Right Par[7]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..h..h....23  Ԁ..0..z :Right Par[8]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..h..h....p..p23  Ԁ..0p..p<6X9`("Courier NewTTXB& $1Document Style0..8` ..` B $2Document Style.. . B $3Document Style8..B $4Document Style0..B-$5Document Style 23  Ԁ   B& $6Document Style0..0` ..` dS $7Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..23  Ԁ..0..df $8Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..` 23  Ԁ..0` ..` B=$9Document Style.. 23  Ԁ   fy &10Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. 23  Ԁ` ..` 0 .. f &11Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..23  Ԁ .. 0..f &12Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..h..h23  Ԁ..0h..hf &13Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..h..h..23  Ԁh..h0..f &14Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..h..h....23  Ԁ..0..f &15Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..h..h....p..p23  Ԁ..0p..pDV!&16Document Style  @..  23  Ԁ     Ԉ X/&17Technical Document Style.. 23  Ԁ. X/&18Technical Document Style.. 23  Ԁ. X-(&19Technical Document Style 23  Ԁ   .. X*$&20Technical Document Style 23  Ԁ   .. X)$&21Technical Document Style 23  Ԁ   .. X83&22Technical Document Style  23  Ԁ     .. X/&23Technical Document Style.. 23  Ԁ. X/&24Technical Document Style.. 23  Ԁ. R& 8BibliogrphyBibliography0....jo4Tech InitInitialise Technical StyleS 5  1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 S CuyTechnicalTechnical Document Style11.11.1.11.1.1.11.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1x?+u2PleadingHeader for numbered pleading paper 7 b 8(UKUS.,   [XXXUKUK.,  EX[EEUKUK.,  X[XE9XeXXX[XX?:'*dE*??:'*dE*?PP1PP2PP3PP4PP5PP6PP7PP8PP910111213141516171819202122232425262728  .+(92$ !UKUS.,    A`ArialTTfp2Doc InitInitialise Document Style<S @    I. 1. A. a.(1)(a) i) a)S=>?($0 ($0 0 (($0 0 0   A_ekqwDocumentDocument StyleI.1.A.a.(1)(a)i)a)(&25>$"Small Circle"0..hXX:Default ParaDefault Paragraph Font                                LXX6Document 8Document 8                                L^^6Document 4Document 4                                  LXX6Document 6Document 6                                LXX6Document 5Document 5                                LXX6Document 2Document 2                                LXX6Document 7Document 7                                P8Right Par 1Right Par 1  >4X` hp x (#>                                5+ ` hp x (#5P8Right Par 2Right Par 2  >4X` hp x (#>                                5+ ` hp x (#5LXX6Document 3Document 3                                P8Right Par 3Right Par 3  >4X` P  hp x (#>                                5+ ` hp x (#5P8Right Par 4Right Par 4  >4X` hp x (#>                                5+ ` hp x (#5P8Right Par 5Right Par 5  >4X` hp x (#>                                5+ ` hp x (#5P8Right Par 6Right Par 6  >4X` hp x (#>                                5+ ` hp x (#5P8Right Par 7Right Par 7  >4X` hp x (#>                                5+ ` hp x (#5P8Right Par 8Right Par 8  >4X` hp x (#>                                5+ ` hp x (#5L6Document 1Document 1&    ;1X` hp x (#;                                5+ ` hp x (#5'  P8Technical 5Technical 5  ;1X` hp x (#;                                5+ ` hp x (#5P8Technical 6Technical 6  ;1X` hp x (#;                                5+ ` hp x (#5PXX8Technical 2Technical 2                                PXX8Technical 3Technical 3                                P8Technical 4Technical 4  ;1X` hp x (#;                                5+ ` hp x (#5PXX8Technical 1Technical 1                                P8Technical 7Technical 7  ;1X` hp x (#;                                5+ ` hp x (#5P8Technical 8Technical 8  ;1X` hp x (#;                                5+ ` hp x (#5PXX8Bullet ListBullet List                                PXX8Document 8aDocument 8a                                P^^8Document 4aDocument 4a                                  PXX8Document 6aDocument 6a                                PXX8Document 5aDocument 5a                                PXX8Document 2aDocument 2a                                PXX8Document 7aDocument 7a                                T:Right Par 1aRight Par 1a  >4X` hp x (#>                                5+ ` hp x (#5T:Right Par 2aRight Par 2a  >4X` hp x (#>                                5+ ` hp x (#5PXX8Document 3aDocument 3a                                T:Right Par 3aRight Par 3a  >4X` P  hp x (#>                                5+ ` hp x (#5T:Right Par 4aRight Par 4a  >4X` hp x (#>                                5+ ` hp x (#5T:Right Par 5aRight Par 5a  >4X` hp x (#>                                5+ ` hp x (#5T:Right Par 6aRight Par 6a  >4X` hp x (#>                                5+ ` hp x (#5T:Right Par 7aRight Par 7a  >4X` hp x (#>                                5+ ` hp x (#5T:Right Par 8aRight Par 8a  >4X` hp x (#>                                5+ ` hp x (#5P8Document 1aDocument 1a&    ;1X` hp x (#;                                5+ ` hp x (#5'  T:Technical 5aTechnical 5a  ;1X` hp x (#;                                5+ ` hp x (#5T:Technical 6aTechnical 6a  ;1X` hp x (#;                                5+ ` hp x (#5TXX:Technical 2aTechnical 2a                                TXX:Technical 3aTechnical 3a                                T:Technical 4aTechnical 4a  ;1X` hp x (#;                                5+ ` hp x (#5TXX:Technical 1aTechnical 1a                                T:Technical 7aTechnical 7a  ;1X` hp x (#;                                5+ ` hp x (#5T:Technical 8aTechnical 8a  ;1X` hp x (#;                                5+ ` hp x (#5^XX:_Equation Ca_Equation Caption                                8},toc 1toc 1  !(#                                5+ ` hp x (#58},toc 2toc 2  ` !(#                                5+ ` hp x (#58,toc 3toc 3  ` !(#                                5+ ` hp x (#58,toc 4toc 4   !(#                                5+ ` hp x (#58,toc 5toc 5  h!(#                                5+ ` hp x (#58},toc 6toc 6  !(#                                5+ ` hp x (#58cX,toc 7toc 7                                  8},toc 8toc 8  !(#                                5+ ` hp x (#58},toc 9toc 9  !(#                                5+ ` hp x (#5@0index 1index 1  ` !(#                                5+ ` hp x (#5@}0index 2index 2  ` !(#                                5+ ` hp x (#5Pz8toa headingtoa heading   !(#                                5+ ` hp x (#5@od0captioncaption                   UK  US                 LXX&26_Equation Caption1                                <.HeaderHeader  W\  `*Times New RomanTTW                \  `*Times New RomanTTH4heading 2heading 2  XXXC%2A`ArialTTC                                &&&W\  `*Times New RomanTTW%2A`ArialTT\  `*Times New RomanTT<.footerfooter   b9#W\  `*Times New RomanTTW                @0Header2Header2  W\  `*Times New RomanTTW                <.szovegszoveg  XXXW\  `*Times New RomanTTW                                &&&W\  `*Times New RomanTTW@0footer2footer2   bb9W\  `*Times New RomanTTW                4*cim1cim1     O<6X9`("Courier NewTTO                                &&&W\  `*Times New RomanTTW4*cim2cim2&    O<6X9`("Courier NewTTO                <.BekezdBekezd  XXXW\  `*Times New RomanTTW                                &&&W\  `*Times New RomanTTW@0programprogram  O<6X9`("Courier NewTTO                                &&&W\  `*Times New RomanTTW@0bszovegbszoveg  XXXW\  `*Times New RomanTTW                                &&&W\  `*Times New RomanTTWD2bbszovegbbszoveg  XXXW\  `*Times New RomanTTW                                &&&W\  `*Times New RomanTTW,&fvfv  &&&O<6X9`("Courier NewTTO                                &&&W\  `*Times New RomanTTW@0egyenesegyenes  XXXW\  `*Times New RomanTTW                                &&&W\  `*Times New RomanTTW<.bekcimbekcim  XXXO<6X9`("Courier NewTTO                                &&&W\  `*Times New RomanTTW<.fvjobbfvjobb  &&&O<6X9`("Courier NewTTO                                &&&W\  `*Times New RomanTTW4*cim3cim3  XXXO<6X9`("Courier NewTTO                                &&&W\  `*Times New RomanTTW4*cim4cim4  XXXO<6X9`("Courier NewTTO                                &&&W\  `*Times New RomanTTWH4program10program10  O<6X9`("Courier NewTTO                                &&&W\  `*Times New RomanTTWH4programitprogramit  W\  `*Times New RomanTTW                                &&&W\  `*Times New RomanTTW 'UKUS.,   +XXCES/1999/5  page  1  (92$ !UKUS.,    8(UKUS.,   XX___PPCES/1999/5  ?#___PPpage  1  ڈ(2AArialBoldTT'dxd Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(92$ !UKUS.,   ("$ Figure    A<< cWPC 9513  ;I }C-?   ????      ?  <      ?    x ? ~  ?   ?@? ? ? ?   ? ?  ? ?  ? ?        ???   ?? ????  ?? ?? a ?? ???>?>????~???||8x|?x?? ~? ? ~??????? ? ?  x?   x?   x?   x ??x  8~ 8?? ?8??< ?8? ?8???|< ? >< ? ? ?? ?? ?~???????~??? >??? ????? ? ? ? ? ??  ?  ? ?????????|??  ?<x ? | ? |? ?%??6?6?*???6???6?????6??9? ????x>? ? ?? ???????? ????@?9?#??#??#???"' O ??"   ??$ ?:??:??:??:???0?? ?  ?0 ??? ??? ???? ?߀? ???<??<???x??x `@???????????????????? ? ?????<| x p`??|??8???8???08 ???0y8???0q8?>?0~y?>8@??>x?x???8??? ?~?0|??|???<??<?? <??@~???~  ??~x@???????????:p?:??::??????  ?  ? |?  8?? ? ??  8? p?? ? ?? ? ?  ?  0?? 'x?    &| ?%0? %?8?? @%|??  ?? ?  ?1 ? %0? |?% ? <&@~  >| >| ?p?x ?p?  ?? ? ??  ?  ? ?? ? ?? ?  ? > x??   x  8   ?~ ?? ?> ?? ?~ ? x~ 0~0 ??    @  xp 0x  ?  ? ??~ ?  ???? ?   <?? ? ? ?? ?????????~|?p?? `??? ?? ?? ????????? |?? ?~? ~?? ??~? ? ?>?? ? >?? ? ?? ? ? ? ?  ?? ~ ? ? ~  ? ? ?  ??    ?  ? ?  ???  ? ?    ?  ` ?  0?  ?   ??  ?  ? ? ?  ? ? ?? ??~  ?    ?     ?  ?    ? ?  ?   ??    ? ?                    ?? ? ? ??  ?   >    ? ?   ?   ? ?     * * ?  ?  ?    ?? ? ?9       > ?  ?   ?  ? ? ? ????      Cun1.wpg$57=CIQYag271.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)$57=CIQYag281.a)i.(1)(a)(i)1)a) CRight ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)"|d<6X9`("Courier NewTTXXx6X@DQX@<6X9`("Courier NewTTd6X@DQ@ A`ArialTTTTX PP\  `*Times New RomanTT6\  PQP%2A`ArialTTomanTTXXX2PQXP\  `*Times New RomanTT&&J\  PQ&P\  `*Times New RomanTTC\  PQP\  `*Times New RomanTTXXO\  PUXP<6X9`("Courier NewTTTT  6X@ Q @<6X9`("Courier NewTTTT6X@ Q@<6X9`("Courier NewTTTTZ6X@Q@<6X9`("Courier NewTTTT&&n6X@Q&@%2A`ArialTTomanTT::T2PQ:P(2AArialBoldTTTTT2 NQ(2AArialBoldTTTTT%%2 NQ%($UKUS.,   d# e37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a) ^ ,)UKUS.,   XXGE.99(:3,$ !UKUS.,   :dd8page numberXXXK<6X9`(Courier NewKXXXK<6X9`(Courier NewK EDUD|%2B#<<6X9`(Courier New 4 'UKUS.,   *XX    2      :      B     CES/1999/5      2      :      B     Annex    2      :      B     Page  4   8(UKUS.,   XXCES/1999/5  AnnexPage  4  !UKUS.,   }TRW 6&DIN A43'6&(Avery L7654 VHS Face3'T: :XX:::: @  ̀USUK.,UNITEDNATIONS ""Y?# ::L E Ks  ?:'L dEL ? X@J:6z ,8 ` @@@EG 87GG   ?# ?#?#?# %?%LEconomicandSocial G o  Council((T?#444  %%? Distr.  3  S?#444 GENERAL ?#?# ?# ?#x x P?#444CES/1999/5444%%20October1998222##Original:ENGLISHA:)GG dTEGG Al[X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?A l+33STATISTICALCOMMISSIONandECONOMICCOMMISSIONFOREUROPECONFERENCEOFEUROPEANSTATISTICIANSFortyseventhplenarysession "J  (Neuch tel,1416June1999)  @4  REPORTOFTHEWORKSESSIONONGEOGRAPHICALINFORMATIONSYSTEMS(GIS)  $     C $#C@)Notebythesecretariat1.  Themeetingwasheldfrom57October1998inOttawa,Canada.Itwas v) hostedbyStatisticsCanada.ItwasattendedbyparticipantsfromAustria,Belgium,Canada,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,theNetherlands,Norway,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,UnitedKingdom,andUnitedStates.TheEuropeanUnionwasrepresentedbyEurostat.X./XX./XXX./#XX./D ##c #2.  ThemeetingwasopenedbyMr.GordonBrackstone,AssistantChief @%h#/ Statistician,StatisticsCanada,whowelcomedtheparticipantsandwishedthemsuccessintheirworkandanenjoyablestayinOttawa.X./X#X./XXX./ #X./XXX./#XX./ ## #3.  Theprovisionalagendawasadopted. ,)T'3 #z #4.  Mr.TimDAVIS(Canada)waselectedChairandMr.DickMEULDIJK(the  +2)5 Netherlands)waselectedViceChair. +!*6  X./X# ##XX./ ###5.  Thefollowingsubstantivetopicswerediscussedatthemeeting:  ##  (a) , SurveyonGISuseinstatisticaloffices;  #d#(b) , Researchingeographicinformationscience;  (c) , Integrationofstatisticsandgeography;  (d) , CommonaspectsofGISapplicationsindifferentsubjectmatterareas;   (e) , ProgressinGISCOandSIREprojectsconductedbyEurostat;and   (f) , PolicyissuesdealingwiththeimplementationofGIS;and.   (g) , Methodologicalmaterials. p x  X./X#X./XXX./#X./XXX./  <(> >F NVX<#XX./J###6.  ThefollowingparticipantsactedasDiscussants:Mr.DickMEULDIJK(the ~  Netherlands)fortopic(a);Mrs.RandyFUSARO(U.S.BureauoftheCensus)fortopic(b);Mr.TimDAVIS(Canada)fortopic(c);Mrs.MargaretWAGGET(UnitedKingdom)fortopic(d);Mr.GillesDECAND(Eurostat)fortopic(e);andMr.DickMEULDIJK(theNetherlands)fortopics(f)and(g).X./X#X./XXX./J#X./XXX./#XX./##7#7.  Thetopicswerediscussedonthebasisof24papersand8demonstrations HP preparedbyAustria,Belgium,Canada,Estonia,Finland,Germany,Italy,theNetherlands,Norway,##ԀSweden,Switzerland,UnitedKingdom,UnitedStatesand &. Eurostat.X./X#X./XXX./#X./XXX./#XX./##a#8.  Theinvitedpaperswerepreparedbythefollowingcountries: #+ ## XԄtopic(a):Canada,   #w#Ԅtopic(b):USA,  Єtopic(c):Canada,̄topic(d):UnitedKingdom,̄topic(de):Eurostat,̄topic(f):EurostatandtheNetherlands,̄topic(g):Estonia,Finland,SwedenandUnitedKingdom. XX./X#X./XXX./#X./XXX./#XX./##[#9.  TheparticipantsrecommendedholdingafurtherWorkSessiononGISon2830 " ЀApril2000toconsider:X./X#X./XXX./#X./XXX./ X >>>>X #XX./h###(i)  Spatialdatabasemanagementand(geo)datawarehousing; % " #J#(ii)  InternetandIntranetsolutions; &!# (iii)  PolicyandorganizationalaspectsofGISandstatistics; '"$ (iv)  Spatialanalysisinastatisticalcontextanddisclosurecontrol s({#% procedures;(v)  Demonstrations; Q*Y%' (vi)  SurveyonGISuseinstatisticaloffices. @+H&(  X./X#X./XXX./#X./XXX./ X<(> >F NV>>X<#XX./###03310.  Theparticipantsappreciatedthehospitalityandexcellentorganization N-V(* thatStatisticsCanadaprovidedforthemeeting,andexpressedtheirwarmthankstotheorganizers.X./X#X./XXX./#X./XXX./#XX./ ## #12.  Theparticipantsadoptedthereportofthemeetingatitsclosingsession.  #D!#13.  Asummaryofthemainconclusionsreachedbytheparticipantsduring   discussionofthesubstantiveitemsoftheagendaarepresentedintheAnnex(inEnglishonly).#!#     UKUS.,XX! ++X$>>X!  ANNEX  SUMMARYOFTHEMAINCONCLUSIONSREACHEDATTHEMEETING Notebythesecretariat  #  A.  SurveyonGISuseinstatisticaloffices P X  1.  Theconsiderationofthisagendaitemwasbasedontheanalysisof   QuestionnairesontheimplementationofGISinStatisticscompletedby    countriesin1998.ItisacontinuationofaSurveyonGISuseinstatisticalofficesconductedin1993and1997.2.  TheparticipantsagreedthatthereisagreatsimilarityinGISareasof   statisticalapplications,technologiesusedandtrendsinintegrationofdatasources.ChallengesstillremainingincludethecostofGISinformationanditsmonopolisation.TheopinionwasalsoexpressedthatprovidinggoodtrainingopportunitiesforstaffinvolvedinGISapplicationsisextremelyimportant.Participantsrecommendedtocontinuewiththesurveyinfuture.ItwasmentionedthatitwouldbedesirableinfuturetocreateinteractivepossibilitiesforthedatabaseofGISsurveymaintenanceforcountries.3.  Furthermore,itwasrecommendedtodrawmoreattentioninfuturetothe '/ issuesassociatedwithstandardization,metadata,andnewmethodologicalsolutionsforintegrationofstatisticsandgeography. B.  Researchingeographicalinformationscience   4.  Theoverviewofresearchingeographicalinformationscienceinthe  UnitedStateswaspresentedbyDavidM.Mark,ProfessorofGeographyattheUniversityatBuffalo.AmongtheprioritiesinGISresearch,thefollowingwerementioned:spatialdataacquisitionandintegration,distributedcomputing,extensionofgeographicrepresentationandanalysistothreedimensionalanddynamicinformation,spatialanalysisinaGISenvironmenttoidentifyproblemcausesandsolutions,anddevelopingtheNationalSpatialDataInfrastructure.5.  Researchindataacquisitionandintegrationaimsatfindingwaysto ' "% reduceacquisitioncosts,toautomaticallyintegratenewdatawithexistingdata,andtofacilitateanalysisofdatafromdiversesources.ThestudiesassociatedwithdistributedcomputingdealwiththepossibilityofincorporatingGISfunctionsasmodulesindistributedcomputingenvironments.ResearchisalsoneededtoextendexistingGISapplicationstolargerandmorecomplexdatasetsandtoconnecttheanalyticaltechniquesusedinotherfieldstotheGISenvironment. -(, 6.  GISoffersagreatpotentialbenefittosociety.Therefore,amongthe *%. firstprioritiesareexplorationofhowtoguidethedevelopmentofGIStowardsmaximumequity,efficiencyandeffectiveness,andtheimpactofGIStechnologyonsociety. -U(1 7.  Theparticipantswereencouragedtoseekfurtherinformationonresearch  ingeographicinformationconductedintheUSAontheWebsiteoftheUSUniversityConsortiumforGeographicInformationScienceatthefollowingaddress:http://www.ucgis.org.8.  SomeparticipantsnotedthatthestrongbeliefinGISofdecisionmakers  inUSAresponsibleforGISapplicationscouldbeagoodexampleforothercountries. C.  Integrationofstatisticsandgeography  Y   9.  Theinvitedpaperonthistopicfocusedonthegeographicdimensionof   statisticaldataanditsroleineconomicandsocialdevelopment.Thefunctionalitiesthatarespecifictostatisticsandgeographywerediscussed,togetherwiththepossibilitiesandlimitationsoftheirintegration.10.  TheintegrationofstatisticaldataviaGISoftencallsforthe   harmonizationandintegrationofbothstatisticalandgeographicalconcepts,definitionsandclassifications.11.  Thediscussionshowedthatthebuildingofabasicgeographical b infrastructurestillrepresentsamajorundertakingformanycountries.SomecountriesreporteddifficultiesinintegratingGISintotheexistingstatisticalproductionprocessandthelackofmanagerialsupport.ItwasalsomentionedthatGISissometimesregardedastootechnical.OneofthepossiblereasonscouldbethatGIShasbeenmorefrequentlydemonstratedasapublishingtoolthanasatooltofacilitatestatisticalanalysis.12.  ItwasalsopointedoutthatGISissometimesmoreeasilyacceptedand  implementedintransitioncountriesthanindevelopedcountries.ThisisbecausetheintegrationofGISandageographicframeworkwiththestatisticalsystemfromtheverybeginningiseasierthanitsincorporationintoanestablishedstatisticalsystem.13.  Thediscussionshowedthatpricingofgeostatisticalproductsisstill  " averyimportantaspectoftheintegrationofGISandstatistics.ExamplesofpricingapproachesreportedbyCanadaandSwitzerlanddemonstratedthatitispossibletoincreaserevenuesfromsalesofgeographicinformationwhiledecreasingprices.14.  Afrequentproblemwhenintegratingstatisticaldatafromdifferent f% ( sourcesistheexistenceofmanydifferentgeographicboundarysetswhichdonotcorrespond.Thisproblemiscompoundedbyfrequentchangestotheboundariesthemselves.Thesedifferent,andchanging,boundariesrequireacontinuousrecastingorconversionofstatisticsintoothergeographicalunitstopermitcomparisonandanalysis.Countriesareattemptingtoestablishsmaller buildingblockunitstofacilitatesuchgeographicconversions.15.  Theimportantissuetobesolvedwhenintegratingstatisticaland ,(1 geographicaldataistheimplementationofthespatialreferencebase.Thetwo -(2 majorsolutionspresentedattheWorkSessionwereapointbasedapproachandapolygonbasedapproach.Thechoiceoftendependsonthenationaladministrativestructureinthegivencountry.Thereferencingstrategyhastoenabletheproductionofaccurate,flexibleoutputsunderconditionsofaneverchanginggeography.16.  ThedemonstratedexamplesoftheuseofGIStointegratestatisticaland   geographicdatainmanycountriesprovideevidenceofthevalueofthisapproach.Theusefulnessofthecompilationliesinitsabilitiestolinktogetherdifferentdatasetsonthebasisofcommonlocation,tohighlightthespatialperspectiveofthestatisticaldata,andtoenablevisualisationandanalysisofrelationshipsamongstdatathemes.Theaddedvaluebenefitsincludegreaterflexibilityinproducingoutputsandrespondingtochange,productionofnonstandardoutputs,enablingadhocenquiries,andtheconstructionofspatialandstatisticalmodelsforvisualising,analysingandinterpolatingdata.17.  Furthermore,somecountriesreportedthatGISfacilitatesimprovements   indatacollectionoperationsbothforCensusesandsamplesurveys.Improvementstoaddresslistsandintegrationofdatafromadministrativeregistersleadtomoreaccuratecoveragelistsandbettersamplingframes.18.  Someparticipantsmentionedthatalthoughmanybarrierstothe  integrationofgeographicandstatisticaldatastillremain,thepowerandutilityofGISisrapidlyspreadingtolesstechnicalusers.Geographicdataaremorewidelyavailable,bothfrompublicandprivatesources,anduserscanaccesssimpleGISsoftwareviatheInternet. D.  CommonaspectsofGISapplicationsindifferentsubjectmatterareas.   19.  ThemeetingdiscussedtheuseofGISinawidevarietyofstatistical < domains.Theseincludelandusestatistics,crimeanalysis,populationcensus,andensuringdataconfidentiality.Severalapplicationsdealwithpublicsectorpolicyandprograms,suchasGISapplicationsinhealth,agriculture,communications,economics,emergencypreparedness,andsocioeconomicandmunicipalplanning.20.  Itwasnotedthatfornumeroustasksinpublicadministrations, "C% geographicdatahasbecomeanimportantpartofdecisionprocesses.Beingabletocombinegeographical,demographicalandothernongraphicalstatisticaldataincreasesthequalityofstatisticalanalysisandspreadsthespectrumoffinalusers.ThedocumentationsubmittedforthemeetingprovesthefeasibilityofcombiningGISandstatisticsfordifferentpurposes.21.  Thediscussionrevealedseveralcommonaspectsintheimplementationand (#, useofGISindifferentareas.ThedesignoftheGISapplicationsandsoftware,standardization,problemswithdataavailability,qualityandcost,theincreasingdemandforgeoreferencedstatistics,especiallyforsmallareas,andtheassociatedconfidentialityproblemswerehighlightedinthediscussion. -(2 22.  Thereisalargepoolofgeodataalreadycollectedandoftenseveral  geodatasourcescanbeconsidered.Toavoidoverlappingwithofficialmappingbodies,theintegrationofexistingmapsispreferable.However,duetotheirvariety,dataareoftenspatiallydistributedandfallundertheresponsibilityofdifferentdataproviders.Itwasnotedthatthisresultsindifficultiesforuserstoaccessthedata,andthereisalackofacommonEuropean"marketplace"betweentheproducersandusersofgeographicaldata.23.  Anotherimportanttrendisaclosercooperationbetweenpublicand 8  privatesectorsinthedevelopmentofcommonspatialdatainfrastructures.Thisreducesthecostsofdatasetcreationandincreasesthevalueofdatathroughstandardization.Furthermore,itrequiresthedevelopmentofstandardizeddatatransferformatsandtools.24.  Themajorobstaclestothebroaderuseofgeodatainstatisticsare n  similarinmanyareas.Theseinclude:a)lackofawarenessofexistinggeodata;b)lackofcoordinationwithNationalMappingAgenciesandotherofficialmappingbodies;c)lackofefficientanduserfriendlydatainterchangeandcommunicationprocedures;d)redundancyindataacquisitionanddatastorage;e)insufficientdatamaintenance;f)lackofguidelinesformetainformation;g)highlyvariableprices;h)copyrightproblems.25.  Anothercommonproblemisthequalityandavailabilityofdigitalgeo  data.Itwouldbedesirabletocompiledatadirectorieswithinformationonalltheavailabledigitalandgeocodedspatialdata,andonitsquality.Inaddition,toolsareneededtocollect,disseminateandevaluatethisinformation.ThereisalsoaneedforacomprehensivemetainformationsystemintowhichGISfunctionalitywouldbeintegrated.26.  Acommonaspectconsideredwastheavailabilityofsoftwaretools ] permittingtheimplementationofGISapplicationsindifferentareas.Itwasnotedthatthereisalackoftoolsfortheinterchangeofspatialdata,enablingthelinkageofvariousGIS,geodataformats,geoviewersandapplicationareas.SomeparticipantsmentionedthatinmanycasesitmightbemoreefficienttolinktheexistingstatisticalandGISpackagesratherthantodevelopnewsoftware.27.  Severalparticipantsidentifiedagrowingawarenessofthevalueof "5% spatialanalysiswithintheirorganizations.Althoughexperienceintheuseofspatialanalysissoftwareisonlynowdeveloping,thereisaclearneedforfurtherworkanddiscussioninthisarea.  )&y!) 28.  Concerningthespatialanalysissoftware,theUSrepresentativeinformed  theWorkSessionabouttworeferencesourcesforspatialdataanalysisdevelopmentintheUS.InformationaboutSPACESTAT,anextensiontoArcViewthatenablestheuseofadvancedspatialstatistics,canbefoundatthefollowingInternetaddress:www.rri.wvu.edu/spacestat.htm.Theotherreferencesourceisthesoftwareforspatialandtemporalanalysisofcrime(STAC)developedbytheIllinoisCriminalInformationAgency:ww.acsp.uic.edu/icjia.htm.29.  ApossibledevelopmentthatwouldrenderGIStechnologymoreaccessible  *  toawidergroupofusersistheimplementationofGISserversonInternet.Suchserverscouldbedevelopedincooperationwithdifferentagencies.Inthisconnection,therewouldbeaneedforacentralizedinfrastructureandmaintenanceofgeographicaldataensuringdataharmonizationacrosslargevolumesofdistributeddatasets.30.  Theincreaseddataavailabilityandsoftwarehasresultedinan   increaseddemandforstatisticaldataforsmallareas.Thesedatacanplayanimportantroleinmanysubjectareas,e.g.landuse,environment,regionalplanning.Thereareoftenstatisticsonruralareasasawhole,butnotmanydetailedstatisticsonregionallevelsthatcouldbeappliedintheplanning,developing,auditingorevaluationofagriculturalandruralprogrammes.31.  Inordertomeetthisdemandforlocalandupdatedstatistics,some H countriesaremovingtowardsamoreeffectiveuseofadministrativearchivesforstatisticalpurposes.GISoffersagreatpotentialforlinkingseveraladministrativeregistersviaspatialreference.Whenlocalstatisticsareobtained,confidentialityisafurtherobstacle,anddatacannotbereleasedwithoutsomeprotectionstrategy.Again,thereisaneedtodevelopeffectivedisclosurecontrolprocedurestobeusedinparallelwithsmallareaanalysisviaGIS. E.  ProgressinGISCOandSIREprojectsconductedbyEurostat !  32.  Eurostatreportedontheprogressmadeinthetwoprojects:Geographic Q!# InformationSystemoftheCommission(GISCO)andEuropeanInfraRegionalInformationSystem(SIRE).ThemajorgoalsofGISCOaretosetupareferencedatabasefortheCommission,topromotegeoreferencingofstatisticsandtoencouragetheintegrationofGISinnationalstatisticaloffices.TheGISCOprojectstructureandtherelatedpolicyissueswerepresented.ProgressinthemajorGISCOactivities,i.e.GISCOreferencedatabase,dataacquisition,mapproduction,spatialanalysis,desktopGISanddatadisseminationwasreported.33.  TheaimofSIREistomeetthegrowingdemandforlocal(municipalor {)$- equivalent)datainsidetheEuropeanUnion.Theobjectivesoftheprojectaretoimprovetheavailability,comparabilityandaccessibilityoflocaldataattheEuropeanlevel;tosetupacentralizedlocaldatabase,andtoexpandtheNomenclatureofTerritorialUnitsforStatistics(NUTS)bycreatingandmanagingtwosupplementarylevels:NUTS4andNUTS5. -(2 Ї34.  GISCOandSIREarelinkedviaNUTScodes.TheaimoftheNUTS  nomenclatureistoprovideauniformbreakdownofterritorialunitsfortheproductionofregionalstatisticsintheEuropeanUnion.Differentcriteriacanbeusedtosubdividenationalterritoryintoregions.TheNUTSnomenclatureisbasedprimarilyoninstitutionaldivisions.35.  Veryimportantandatthesametimeoftendifficultinthecontextof   NUTSistokeeptrackofthechangesovertimeandtobeabletorecreatethenomenclatureineffectatanyspecificdate.Thefirst3levelsofNUTSarerelativelystableanddonotrequireanyautomatedprocedure.Thedevelopmentofthesystemhasnecessitatedtheassessmentofthefrequencyandvolumeofchangestoboundaries,andtodevelopasystemofmanagingtheNUTSnomenclatureovertime.Thesystemmustpermitthedefinition,collectionandstorageofvariablesthatcanbeusedforimplementingandevaluatingEUregionalpolicies,andmustalsodelimitatefunctionalareas(e.g.,employmentareas,urbanareas). F.  PolicyissuesdealingwiththeimplementationofGIS    36.  Theinvitedpaperconcentratedonthepolicyissuesrelatedtothe A designandimplementationofGISinstatisticaloffices.TheorganizationalobstaclestothemoreefficientuseofGISinstatisticswerediscussed,e.g.lackofcoordinationbetweendifferentagencies.Thediscussionconsideredorganizationalapproachesontwodifferentlevels:onthesupranationallevel(Eurostat)andonthenationallevel.  37.  EurostatinformedtheWorkSessionabouttheINFO2000programdeveloped H underthe4thResearchFrameworkProgrammeoftheEuropeanUnion.TheDraftCommunicationfromtheCommissiontotheCouncilofMinistersandParliament(GI2000)wasalsopresented.Itanalysesthestructureofthemarket,identifiesthemainplayersandsuggestsaseriesofactivitiestobeundertakenattheEuropeanleveltocreateaspecificEuropeanstructureforgeographicalinformation.38.  Fromanorganizationalpointofview,theimplementationofGISata  " nationallevelinastatisticalinstitutionisacomplexissue.Itposeshighdemandsforthehardwareinfrastructure,anditisoftennecessarytoincorporatethebasicdatasetsfromexternalsourcesandtointegrateisolatedGISrelatedactivities.Itwaspointedoutthatawarenessatthehighestmanageriallevelisneeded.39.  Thereisagrowingneedforincreasedcoordinationofactivitiesbetween 7&!) nationalgovernment,statisticalandotheragencies(includingprivateones)inGISrelatedprograms,andtoensurethattheoutcomeoftheseactivitiesisappropriatetoaddresssocialneeds.GISwillplayanimportantintegrationroleinthisrespect.Theownershipofdigitalgeographicdata,protectionofprivacy,accessrightstothegeographicdatacompiledandheldbygovernments,andinformationliabilityrequireclarityinthenew,automatedcontext.Datawarehousingwillbecomeextremelyimportant.40.  CommonopinionwasexpressedthatthefuturedevelopmentofGISin -(2 statisticalofficesshouldalsofocusonitsuseforstatisticaldatainputandanalysis.Itwasnoted,however,thatGISwillcontinuetoplayanimportantroleindatadissemination.Theimplementationstudiesindicatethattheproblemstobesolvedaremoreorganizationalthantechnicalincontext.Introducingnewtypesoftoolsanddataoftenrequiresamajorreorganizationofactivitieswhichcanbedealtwithinthemainbyusingorganizationalandmanagementskills.41.  ItwaspointedoutthattheroleofGISspecialistswillchangefrom 8  technicalassistancetowardsclientorientedservicesandconsultancies.42.  TheincreasingamountofdatawhichcanbeusedinGISanalyseshas    createdmoreinterestingeographicallylocateddataandposesachallengetoexploretheconfidentialityrestrictionsinitsreleasetogeneralpublic.Specificpolicyguidelinesarealsorequiredfortheprocessingofremotelysenseddata.43.  Anotherimportantpolicyissueistheuseofstandardsinthe   implementationofGIS.Inthisrespect,anoverviewoftheactivitiesoftheISOTechnicalCommittee211(TC211)wasgiven.TheTC211dealswithstandardizationinthefieldofdigitalgeographicinformation.Theworkaimstolinkappropriatestandardsforinformationtechnologyanddatawherepossible,andtoprovideaframeworkforthedevelopmentofothersectorspecificapplicationsusinggeographicdata. G.  Methodologicalmaterials i  44.  TheWorkSessiondiscussedprogresswiththetwomethodological  materialspreparedonrecommendationsbythepreviousWorkSessiononGIS.Theseare:StudyonregisterbasedstatisticsinrelationtoGISandgeography k (EstoniaandSweden)andGuidelinesforstatisticalthematicmapping(Finland J andUnitedKingdom).45.  TheStudyonregisterbasedstatisticsprovidedanoverviewof ! integratingdatafromadministrativeregistersviaapointbasedgeographicreference.ExamplesofusingthemethodinSwedenandEstoniaweregiven.Amongtheadvantagesofaregisterbasedsystemcanbementionedtherichnessofdataavailableindifferentregisters(e.g.populationregister,businessregister),andtheprovisionofthemostuptodatedata.Thedifferencesbetweenpointbasedandareabasedstatisticswerealsoconsidered.46.  Themeetingwasgiveninformationabouttheprogressofworkin a&!) developingtheWebsiteonstatisticalthematicmapping,preparedjointlybytheOfficeforNationalStatistics(ONS),UnitedKingdom,andStatisticsFinland.TheWebsitecorrespondstothemethodologicalmaterialGuidelinesfor ($$, statisticalthematicmapping.Makinguseoftheinteractivepossibilitiesof )%- theInternet,itwillbethemainsourcefortheguidelinesonhowtousethematicmapping.Bybrowsingthroughthesiteitwillbepossibletoworkthroughawholeseriesoftextfilesandexamplesexplainingtheprinciplesofstatisticalmapdesign.Itwillalsobepossibletoprintoutthemain -U(1 principlesasamethodologicalpaper.47.  UnitedKingdominformedtheWorkSessionthattheWebsitewillbe R availableonInternetwithinafewmonthsafterthemeeting.CopiesoftheWebsitewillbedistributedtoallparticipantsshortlyaftertheWorkSession.Allparticipantsareencouragedtoprovideinputandfeedbacktothisproject. H.  Futurework 8   48.  TheparticipantsrecommendedtoholdafurtherWorkSessiononGISon  8  2830April2000toconsider:  (i) Spatialdatabasemanagementand(geo)datawarehousing; [    (ii) InternetandIntranetsolutions; ,|    (iii) PolicyandorganizationalaspectsofGISandstatistics; M    (iv) Spatialanalysisinastatisticalcontextanddisclosurecontrol      procedures;  (v) Demonstrations; p   (vi) SurveyonGISuseinstatisticaloffices. A   49.  Theissuesofgeocodingbyregistersandaddresslists,the 3 confidentialityofsmallareastatistics,andlinkstonationalaccountingwerealsomentionedasimportantforfuturework.ManyparticipantsexpressedtheopinionthatfutureWorkSessionsshouldcoverthelatestnewdevelopmentsasmuchaspossible.ParticipantswereencouragedtoexchangeinformationandexperiencesbetweenthemeetingsusingInternetfacilities.50.  TheWorkSessionthoroughlydiscussedwaystopresentmethodological  materialsusingInternet.ItwasagreedthatitwouldbeofvaluetoextendtheworkcarriedoutonthethematicmappingWebsitetocoverothermethodologicalissuesofcommoninterest.Inparticular,theissuesofspatialanalysis,datacaptureanddatawarehousingwereidentifiedasbeingworthyoffurtherwork.51.  2  i  .3    ItwasproposedtoconstructanumberofseparateWebsiteswithina Q!# singleframeworkofaWebsiteonGISinstatistics.Thoseparticipantswho ""r$ wouldliketobeinvolvedinsuchadevelopmentareaskedtocontactDickMeuldijk(StatisticsNetherlands).Itwillbeagreedwithinthenext2monthshowthisworkwillbetakenforward.2  a  )3    2  a  )3     I.  Otherbusiness E&!) 2  a  )3     C  $$C--52.  TheWorkSessionexpresseditsappreciationtoCanada,Finland,Germany, 'E#+ theNetherlands,Norway,SwitzerlandandUSAforthepreparationofinterestingandinformativedemonstrations.Italsoexpresseditsappreciationtodiscussantsandtoallauthorsofpapers.#++;##US.,UK.,Z#