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Y #Xw P7[hXP#!xDistr. !xRESTRICTED ! !xST/SG/AC.10/R.540 !x23 September 1996 !xOriginal : ENGLISH  ?+ 4COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS ON THE TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS  (Nineteenth session, Geneva, 211 December 1996 agenda item 3 (a)) QWORK OF THE SUBCOMMITTEE OF EXPERTS RON THE TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS  PDraft amendments to the Recommendations  X$ Ron the Transport of Dangerous Goods ă 4#Xw P7[hXP#?Z mjf1B""?+Z mjf1B""Z 3 jC1B""++  Y%  N Classification based on "Human Experience"  XV DTransmitted by the Hazardous Materials Advisory Council (HMAC) ă Z 3 jC1B""pL!+  X  Background   Y! pL!4 pL!1.$The UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods promote uniformity and harmonization in transport regulations at the world level for all modes of transport. Paragraph 1.4.1 clearly points out that the underlying purpose of these dangerous goods transport regulations is to prevent, as far as possible, accidents to persons or property in the course of the transport of dangerous goods and that, at the same time, transport regulations should be framed so as not to impede the movement of such goods. GE.96 (RV8/R540EN),---RRԌ Y .W}ST/SG/AC.10/R.540 page .XW Y cmsCC~ST/SG/AC.10/R.540  Y cmsCC~page 2.$To provide proper identification of hazards in transport, dangerous goods are assigned to one of nine classes on the basis of the established class definitions as published in the Recommendations. These definitions are intended to indicate which goods are considered dangerous for purposes of transport, and, according to their specific hazard characteristics, in which class and Packing Group they should be included. Used in connection with the Dangerous Goods List in Chapter 2 of the Recommendations, these hazard class definitions provide guidance to persons responsible for classifying dangerous goods for transport, and are intended to afford a high degree of standardization while retaining a flexibility that allows diverse situations to be taken into account.  Y 3.$In general, these hazard class definitions make use of specified, quantitative criteria under which data obtained from defined tests are evaluated in order to assign an appropriate hazard classification to a substance. However, in certain cases, the hazard class definitions also refer to the more qualitative criterion of "human experience" as the basis for classification. Moreover, these definitions require that classification is to be assigned principally on the basis of human experience, with the quantitative criteria and test data applied only in the absence of human experience.  Y 4.$At the Seventeenth session of the Committee of Experts (716 December 1992) the Expert from the United States submitted a document INF 24 titled "INFORMATION PAPER: LISTING AND CLASSIFICATION OF DIVISION 6.1 POISONOUS (TOXIC) SUBSTANCES BASED ON HUMAN EXPERIENCE". The document listed specific substances which were indicated to be "...substances classified on the basis of human experience...identified in United States regulations".  YX 5.$At the Ninth session of the SubCommittee of Experts on Transport of Dangerous Goods (4 15 July 1994), the Hazardous Materials Advisory Council (HMAC) submitted a proposal on the classification of dangerous goods based on "human experience" (reference document ST/SG/AC.10/C.3/R.488). Subsequently, at the Tenth session of the SubCommittee (1020 July 1995), HMAC accepted the charge to:  Y! $(a) /Identify substances which are listed in the Dangerous Goods List in Chapter2 of the Recommendation and which were classified on the basis of human experience; and  Y0% $(b) /Propose language which would provide basic guidance in the Recommendations regarding the classification of mixtures and solutions containing such substances. `'-,+,+Ԍ Y 6.$At the Twelfth session of the SubCommittee of Experts, HMAC submitted a proposal on the classification of dangerous goods based on human experience (documents ST/SG/AC.10/C.3/R.767 and /Corr.1 and /Corr.2). Several Experts indicated they might support the idea of identifying substances classified on the basis of human experience by a special provision and the Chairman requested HMAC prepare a more fully developed submission for the nineteenth session of the Committee.   X Discussion   Y 7.$There are no parameters in the Recommendations which define precisely the nature of human experience (e.g., type and circumstances of exposure, quantity of dangerous goods involved, etc.), that is considered sufficient to warrant the classification of a substance as dangerous for transport purposes. Therefore it is extremely difficult for the user of the Recommendations to apply this criterion when classifying substances as toxic (Division 6.1) or corrosive (Class 8), even though Chapters 6 and 8 respectively state that this is the principal factor to be considered. Particular practical problems are faced by the user of the Recommendations in attempting to classify mixtures and solutions of substances listed by name in the Dangerous Goods List in Chapter 2 when such substances have been listed on the basis of human experience as a classification criterion. In such instances, in the absence of valid test data or in the exclusion of contradictory data, there is serious confusion.  Y 8.$Since the Dangerous Goods List provides no indication that a particular substance was initially classified and listed on the basis of human experience, testing a mixture or solution of that substance against established test criteria could lead to contradictory results and improper classification. Therefore, HMAC believes that, in order to assist persons using the Recommendations as a basis for classifying a substance or determining its packing group, it is extremely important that the Dangerous Goods List in Chapter 2 of the Recommendations identify in some manner those substances that have been classified and listed based on human experience. HMAC proposes that this can be accomplished by addition of a Special Provision in Chapter 3 to identify the substances so classified. Furthermore, if human experience is indicated on the data sheets as the basis for classification, explanation of the nature of the human experience observation should be included on the data sheet.  Y$ 9.$HMAC further proposes that, in addition to identifying all those substances currently in the Dangerous Goods List in Chapter 2 of the Recommendations on the basis of human experience, the data sheet (Chapter 1, Figure 1.1) format be amended to add a clear indicator as to whether human experience or test results is the basis for a proposed classification. x(-,+,+Ԍ Y 10. $Further, in this regard, HMAC is of the opinion that the Recommendations should include guidance regarding how mixtures and solutions of substances identified as having been classified and listed on the basis of human experience are to be classified. Specifically, at what concentration should such substances no longer be considered to contribute to the hazard of a mixture or solution. This could be accomplished by indicating in the Recommendations that the indicated hazard classification of a substance listed in Chapter 2 on the basis of human experience applies only when the substance is transported in its pure or technically pure form, or above a specific concentration. Therefore, the classification of a mixture or solution containing that substance in a concentration below that specified would be based on the established quantitative classification criteria.  Y  Conclusion   YQ 11.$In view of the problems described above, HMAC concludes that:  Y $(a) /Substances known to have been classified and listed in the Dangerous Goods List in Chapter 2 of the Recommendations on the basis of human experience should be identified by a new special provision as having been classified and listed on that basis; and  Y $(b) /Guidance on classification of mixtures and solutions containing such substances should be provided in the Recommendations. This guidance could be a simple percentage rule incorporated into the new special provision.  XA  Proposals   Yq 12.$HMAC proposes that the first of these two considerations may be accomplished by adoption of a Special Provision which would be assigned to each substance classified and entered in the Dangerous Goods List in Chapter 2 of the Recommendations on the basis of human experience. The latter consideration can be addressed by selection of a suitable simple percentage rule. The specific proposals are:  Y# $1. /In the List of Dangerous Goods in Chapter 2, identify the dangerous goods known to have been classified or assigned a more stringent Packing Group on the basis of human experience by special provision xxx. [See the appendix to this document for examples of such goods and how they might be identified in the list]. a'-,+,+Ԍ Y 4 pL!4 pL!x$2. /In Chapter 3 add special provision xxx: $ /"xxx The substance is assigned to this classification or Packing Group based on human experience rather than the strict application of classification criteria set out in the xRecommendations. Mixtures and solutions containing 80% or more of a substance identified by this special provision should be classified and assigned to the Packing Group identified in the Dangerous Goods List in Chapter 2 of the Recommendations. Those mixtures and solutions containing less than 80% should be classified on the basis of the classification criteria. Substances not meeting the criteria for any class or division are not subject to these Recommendations. 4 pL!4 pL! Z4 pL!4 pL!+4 pL!4 pL! -,+,+  X _4 pL!4 <DL!#XXz PQ[hXP# Appendix c  X0 G  Substances Classified on the Basis of "Human Experience" c c c4 <DL!4 <#Iz PQP#44 = h ddx!+^^^hV qq  @@@@@@@h   n    1SUBSTANCE OR ARTICLEsHAZARDSiPACKING*n        h*!4 <4#Bz PQ P#  Number ! (a1) C 44  9U Name and Description C  A (a2) aClass or aDivision e cy(b1) qKSubsidiary trisks v t(b2) RSpecial Provisions . (b3) f4 4 Group s  (c1)  !Method n" n" !(c2)*    *o4 41230 44 METHANOL (METHYL ALCOHOL)  6.1 3 xxx  4 4  II M*: *o4 4154744 ANILINE 6.1 xxx4 4  II M*:: *o4 41577N44 CHLORODINITROBENZENESN 6.1 xxxN4 4  II M*::*o4 4157844 CHLORONITROBENZENES 6.1 xxx4 4  II M*::N*o4 4159044 DICHLOROANILINES 6.1 xxx4 4  II M*::*o4 4159144 oDICHLOROBENZENE 6.1 xxx4 4  III M*::*o4 41661644 NITROANILINES (o, m, p)6 6.1 xxx64 4  II M*::*o4 41662p44 NITROBENZENEp 6.1 xxxp4 4  II M*::6*o4 4166344 NITROPHENOLS (o,m,p) 6.1 xxx4 4  III M*::p*o4 4167144 PHENOL, SOLID 6.1 xxx4 4  II M*:*o4 4167344 PHENYLENEDIAMINES (o,m,p) 6.1 xxx4 4  III M*:*o4 41708444 TOLUIDINES4 6.1 xxx44 4  II M*::*o4 42023n44 EPICHLOROHYDRINn 6.1 3 xxxn4 4  II M*::4*o4 4207844 TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE 6.1 xxx4 4  II M*::n*o4 4231144 PHENETIDINES 6.1 xxx4 4  III M*::*o4 42432!44 N,NDIETHYLANILINE! 6.1 xxx!4 4  III M*::*o4 42474V"44 THIOPHOSGENEV" 6.1 xxxV"4 4  II M*::!*o4 42512#44 AMINOPHENOLS (o,m,p)# 6.1 xxx#4 4  III *:J   V"*o4 42730$44 NITROANISOLE$ 6.1 xxx$4 4  III MJ   #\+4 4 <DL! 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