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AARHUS CONVENTION

Convention on Access to Information,
Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice
in Environmental Matters


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News in brief

2008

UNECE issues invitation to third meeting of the Parties, 11-13 June 2008, Riga, Latvia

Mr. Marek Belka, Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, has issued a letter of invitation to the third meeting of the Parties to the Aarhus Convention, together with an advance copy of the provisional agenda of the meeting and a provisional programme of events.

The meeting will take place in Riga, Latvia, on 11-13 June 2008, at the kind invitation of the Government of Latvia. It will be preceded by meetings of the Working Group of the Parties and the Compliance Committee (running in parallel 8-10 June 2008) as well as a number of associated events such as those organized by the European ECO-Forum.

Further information on the meetings, including the online registration form and information on the programme, side-events, credentials, visa arrangements, travel and accommodation, may be found at the website www.aarhusMoP3.org.

The official meeting documentation may be found on the Convention's MOP-3 webpages, as well as in an information note on organizational matters.

Participants including delegates, observers and members of the media are invited to register online by 30 April 2008. Organizations wishing to hold side events are invited to apply for an on-site venue by 28 April 2008.

For further details, please see the host country MOP-3 website.


Slovakia ratifies GMO amendment and accedes to the Protocol on PRTRs
The amendment on public participation in genetically modified organisms (GMO)  decision-making garnered its eleventh Party, when notification of Slovakia's ratification reached the UN Secretary-General's depository in New York on 1 April 2008. At the same time, Slovakia became the first country to accede to the Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (PRTR).

The number of ratifications to the Protocol has risen to seven. Sixteen Member States' ratifications must be deposited to bring about the instrument's entry into force.

Website launched for third meeting of the Parties - Riga, Lavia, 11-13 June 2008
The Government of Latvia, host to the third meeting of the Parties to the Aarhus Convention, has launched a website providing information on the meeting. MOP3 will take place in Riga from 11-13 June 2008.

The website - www.aarhusmop3.org - includes information on travel and accommodation, application forms for financial support and side events, an informal programme including the calendar of social events, and on-line registration for the meeting, near-by hotels and excursions.

The Host Country plans to translate online the proceedings of the third meeting of the Parties into four languages - English, French, Russian and Latvian.

Links to official documents posted on the Aarhus Convention MOP3 webpages will be provided as these documents become available.

International workshop on access to information, public participation and access to justice regarding GMOs - 19-20 May 2008
On 19-20 May 2008 in Cologne, Germany, Parties to the Aarhus Convention will hold an international workshop on access to information, public participation and access to justice regarding GMOs. Representatives of interested governments, intergovernmental organizations, NGOs, industry and academia are invited to take part.

The workshop will focus on identifying the most pressing needs and challenges in respect of these issues and exchanging on good practices to address them. The workshop is designed to be as interactive as possible and to consider the issues from a variety of perspectives.

Further information about the workshop, together with the provisional programme, registration form and other relevant documentation is available here.

Six new ratifications of the GMO amendment ...
Parties to the Aarhus Convention have deposited to the UN Secretary-General five new ratifications of the amendment on public participation in decision-making on the deliberate release into the environment and placing on the market of genetically modified organisms. 

At the ninth meeting of the Working Group of the Parties, 13-15 February 2008, Sweden announced that it was in the process of depositing its instrument of ratification of the amendment, joining the earlier acceptance of the amendment by Moldova on 7 December 2007 and ratifications by the Czech Republic, on 29 January, and Estonia and the European Community, on 1 February 2008. 

Spain deposited its acceptance of the amendment on 21 February 2008.

Spain's deposit, which was received on 21 February 2008, raises the number of ratifications of the GMO amendment to ten.

Three-quarters of the Parties to the Convention must ratify the amendment to bring about its entry into force.

... and one new ratification of the Protocol on PRTRs are announced
The Netherlands has become the most recent Party to ratify the Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers. The deposit of the country's instrument of acceptance was done on 11 February 2008.

The ratification by The Netherlands raises the number of ratifications of the Protocol to six, five of these by member states, which count toward entry into force of the instrument. Sixteen member state ratifications are needed to bring the Protocol into force.


Three tra
nslations of Protocol on PRTRs published

Three national translations of the Kiev Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers into the Dutch, Slavic Macedonian (Makedonski) and Spanish languages have been posted to the Protocol's webpage. The translations were provided to the Secretariat by the respective Member States. The Protocol is also available in the three official languages of the UNECE: English, French and Russian.

2007


Mini-conference on Agenda 21 and the Information Society - Geneva, 13 December 2007

UNECE hosted a mini-conference entitled, "Agenda 21 and the Information Society: Assessing Progress on Closing the Digital Divide, Access to Environmental Information and ICT for Sustainable Development in the ECE Region," on 13 December 2007, in Geneva.

The event marked the 15th anniversary of the adoption of Agenda 21 and principle 10 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development by the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992. These agreements prefigured the development of the Aarhus Convention.

This one-day conference opened with a session examining the growth of the Information Society in the UNECE region and initiatives to build the region's Information and Communication Technology (ICT) capacity. A second session was devoted to Web-based information clearinghouses. The closing session previewed European and national perspectives on the Directive establishing Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) and the complementary development of a Shared Environmental Information System (SEIS).

Electronic Information Tools Task Force members and other experts discussed how recent developments in Information Society are changing public access and use of environmental information, and the impact these changes will make in the areas of e-environment, e-commerce, e-democracy in Europe.

The mini-conference was chaired by Mr. Charles Geiger, Speical Advisor to UNCTAD on the Commission for Science and Technology for Development and former Executive Director of the World Summit on the Information Society. The event was co-organized by the UNECE informal ICT Group for Development.

For the complete mini-conference programme, click
here. See also coverage of the conference in the Aarhus Clearinghouse Convention News.

Lithuania ratifies amendment on GMO decision-making

Lithuania has become the most recent Party to ratify the amendment on public participation in decision-making on the deliberate release into the environment and placing on the market of genetically modified organisms (decision II/1). The deposit of the country's instrument of ratification was done on 30 August 2007.

The Parties adopted the amendment to the Convention at their second meeting held in Almaty, Kazakhstan, 25-27 May 2005.

Bugaria, Denmark and Luxembourg have also ratified the GMO amendment.


The amendment will enter into force only after three-quarters of the Parties ratify it.

Germany becomes fifth Party to the Kiev Protocol on PRTRs
Germany became the fourth country to ratify the Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers to the Aarhus Convention, having deposited its instrument of ratification with the Secretary-General of the United Nations on 28 August 2007. As the European Community is also a Party, Germany's action raises the number of Parties to the treaty to five.

The Protocol would need to chalk up 12 further Member State ratifications by early 2008 to
allow the first session of the Meeting of the Parties to the Protocol to be held back-to-back with the third session of the Meeting of the Parties to the Convention, scheduled for 11-13 June 2008, in Riga.


Task Force on Access to Justice to hold mini-conference
The first day of the task force's 2007 meeting will take the form of a ‘mini-conference’ on the theme of ‘ Opening the Doors to Justice: The Challenge of Strengthening Public Access ’. The event, set for 10 September 2007, in Geneva, will allow for the free exchange of opinions on the ‘burning issues’ in the implementation of the third pillar of the Convention between a wider range of stakeholders than normally participate in task force meetings.

For more information, click here.


Estonia ratifies the Kiev Protocol on PRTRs
Estonia became the third country to ratify the Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers to the Aarhus Convention, having deposited its instrument of ratification with the Secretary-General of the United Nations on 15 August 2007.

The first session of the Meeting of the Parties to the Protocol may be held back-to-back with the third session of the Meeting of the Parties to the Convention, scheduled for 11-13 June 2008, if a further thirteen ratifications are deposited by early 2008.


Aarhus workshop on public participation in strategic decision-making
The workshop will discuss existing practices for public participation in plans, programmes and policies as well as in the preparation of laws and regulations that may have a significant effect on the environment (articles 7 and 8 of the Aarhus Convention). It will be held in Sofia, Bulgaria, on 3 and 4 December 2007.

For complete information, see the Convention's new webpage on Public
Participation in Strategic Decision-making
.

Convention's website undergoes facelift

Beginning in July 2007, the website of the Aarhus Convention will undergo an extensive facelift. We have arranged the information pages on the website into four broad categories or menus, including:

- General information on the Convention and its Protocol
- The Meeting of the Parties and other Convention bodies and processes
- Capacity-building and information tools
- Practical information.

Under "Publications", major guidance documents, recommendations
and training materials used to promote implementation of the Convention are
have been brought together for the first time.

The Press centre's new "Media" page features more than two dozen published articles on the development and progress of the Convention.

International workshop on involving the public in international forums
The workshop will be held in Geneva on 20-21 June 2007. The aim of the workshop is to provide a forum within which representatives of various international forums (from governments, secretariats and other stakeholders) can meet together to exchange experiences of their practices with respect to the themes of access to information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice.

The workshop is being held in culmination of the consultation process on the Almaty Guidelines and the issues they address.

For more information, click here.


Workshop for senior members of the juduciary organized in Ukraine
The first sub-regional workshop for senior members of the judiciary is scheduled to take place on 4-5 June 2007 in Kiev, Ukraine. The workshop will bring together senior judges from the six countries of the sub-region, as well as several members of the EU Forum of Judges for the Environment (EUFJE) and international environmental law experts.

The workshop is being organized in cooperation with Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and with financial support of Sweden.

Public consultation on future of Aarhus concluded
On 1 June 2007, the Secretariat released a compilation of the public comments received on the draft elements for a long-term strategic plan for the Aarhus Convention. In all, 20 comments were submitted from 14 countries and the Council of Europe.

To read these comments, click here.

Aarhus Convention secretariat addresses sustainability of the Information Society
At an event organized by the five United Nations Regional Commissions for Africa, Europe, Asia and the Pacific, Latin American and the Caribbean, and Western Asia - "The Information Society: From Declaration to Implementation" (Geneva, Switzerland) - Mr. Jeremy Wates, Secretary to the Aarhus Convention, spoke on managing the environmental footprint of the Information Society.

The event also provided an opportunity to explore how new forms of electronic participation are being promoted in the UNECE region by the Convention.

For more information, see the UNECE press release.

Bulgaria ratifies GMO Amendment
On 30 April 2007, Bulgaria deposited with the UN Secretary-General its instrument of ratification to the Amendment to the Aarhus Convention dealing with decision-making on genetically modified organisms, becoming the third Party to the Amendment.

At the second meeting of the Parties to Convention (Almaty, Kazakhstan,
25-27 May 2005), the Parties adopted the Amendment to the Convention on public participation in decisions on the deliberate release into the environment and placing on the market of genetically modified organisms (decision II/1).

Denmark and Luxembourg have also ratified the GMO amendment.


Public consultation on future of Aarhus extended
The deadline for consultation on the draft elements for a long-term strategic plan for the Aarhus Convention has been extended by one month to the end of May 2007 to allow further opportunities for public comment.

See further details.

Switzerland ratifies the Kiev Protocol on PRTRs

Switzerland became the second country to ratify the Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers to the Aarhus Convention, having deposited its instrument of ratification with the Secretary-General of the United Nations on 27 April 2007.

The Protocol, which was signed in May 2003, in Kiev, Ukraine, shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of the sixteenth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, under article 27 of the Protocol.

Croatia ratifies Aarhus Convention
Having deposited its instrument of ratification with the Secretary-General
of the United Nations on the 27 March 2007, Croatia will become the 41st Party to the Aarhus Convention on 25 June 2007.

Article 20 of the Convention states that the Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of a State’s instrument of ratification. Croatia is one of 14 countries outside of the European Union to have ratified the treaty.

Public consultation of future of Aarhus
A public consultation on the long-term future of the Aarhus Convention has been launched. See further details.


Capacity-building workshop on the Aarhus Clearinghouse and Electronic Information Tools
The first in a proposed series of capacity-building workshops aimed at national administrators and other information providers to the Aarhus Clearinghouse Mechanism was held at the Regional Environmental Center, in Szentendre, Hungary, on 8-9 March 2007. Twenty-four experts from 12 countries, mainly of South Eastern Europe, participated in the workshop.

Bosnia and Herzegovina used the occasion to announce the launch of its national web portal to the Aarhus Convention.


Germany ratifies the Aarhus Convention
Having deposited its instrument of ratification with the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the 15 January 2007, Germany is set to become the 40th Party to the Aarhus Convention on 15 April 2007.

Article 20 of the Convention states that the Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of a State’s instrument of ratification.

Belgrade Conference proposed as target for ratification of Protocol on PRTRs
The Chairperson of the Meeting of the Parties, Ms Hanne Inger Bjurstrøm, has encouraged National Focal Points and participants in the Working Group on PRTRs to explore the possibilities for expediting progress towards ratification of the Protocol by their countries.

The Bureau of the Convention has proposed that the Sixth Ministerial Conference 'Environment for Europe', scheduled for 10-12 October 2007 in Belgrade, should serve as a target to stimulate progress toward ratification.

To read the Chairperson's letter, click here.

2006

Aarhus compliance review leads to debate on access to justice in Belgium

A Belgian NGO claimed that the failure of some Belgian courts to grant standing to environmental NGOs in certain cases concerning planning and permitting decisions was in violation of the Convention.

Reviewing the case, the Compliance Committee found that Belgium had not failed to comply with the Convention.

However, certain decisions arising from proceedings initiated before the Convention’s entry into force would have been in conflict with the Convention’s provisions had the proceedings been initiated after the entry into force, according to the Committee.

This finding was sufficient to prompt Belgium to convene a multistakeholder roundtable held in the federal parliament in mid-May 2006.

The Government also initiated further training for the judiciary, consultations between the relevant Ministers at federal and regional level and the establishment of a national team of officers to follow up on the matter.

The Committee’s Chairperson, Mr. Veit Koester of Denmark, commented that the case "illustrates the value of having a mechanism which responds to input from the public, without which the issue might not have come to the attention of the Committee."

European Community ratifies the Kiev Protocol on PRTRs
The European Community became the second Signatory to ratify the Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers, having deposited its instrument of approval with the Secretary-General of the United Nations on 21 February 2006.

The Protocol, which was signed in May 2003, in Kiev, Ukraine, will enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of the sixteenth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession by a member State of the United Nations, under article 27 of the Protocol.

Although the European Community’s ratification does not count toward this goal, it is expected to spur ratification of the instrument by its 25 Member States.

Luxembourg ratifies the Kiev Protocol on PRTRs
Luxembourg became the first country to ratify the Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers to the Aarhus Convention, having deposited its instrument of ratification with the Secretary-General of the United Nations on
7 February 2006.

The Protocol, which was signed in May 2003, in Kiev, Ukraine, shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of the sixteenth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, under article 27 of the Protocol.

Greece becomes 39th Party to Aarhus Convention
Having deposited its instrument of ratification with the Secretary-General
of the United Nations on the 27 January 2006, Greece is set to become the 39th Party to the Aarhus Convention on 27 April 2006.

Article 20 of the Convention states that the Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of a State’s instrument of ratification.

Slovakia accedes to the Aarhus Convention
Having deposited its instrument of accession with the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the 5 December 2005, Slovakia became the first country to accede to the Convention. Slovakia will become the 38th Party to the Aarhus Convention on 5 March 2006.

The Convention was opened for accession to any Member State of the United Nations on 28 December 1998, under article 19. Article 20 of the Convention states that the Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of a State’s instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.

Luxembourg becomes 37th Party to Aarhus Convention
Having deposited its instrument of ratification with the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the 25 October 2005, Luxembourg became the 37th Party to the Aarhus Convention on 23 Janaury 2006.

Article 20 of the Convention states that the Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of a State’s instrument of ratification.


2005

Aarhus Compliance Committee reviews new communication

The ninth meeting of the Compliance Committee to the Aarhus Convention will be held in Geneva, 12-14 October 2005. During the ninth session, the Committee will discuss the content of communication ACCC/C/2005/11, which concerns the standing of NGOs under Belgium legislation and case law.

The Committee is also expected to finalize and adopt its findings and, as appropriate, recommendations with regard to communications ACCC/C/2004/06 involving the Republic of Kazakhstan and ACCC/C/2004/08 involving the Republic of Armenia.

Sweden becomes 36th Party to Aarhus Convention
Having deposited its instrument of ratification with the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the 20 May 2005, Sweden became the 36th Party to the Aarhus Convention on 18 August 2005.

Article 20 of the Convention states that the Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of a State’s instrument of ratification.

Almaty meeting breathes new life into environmental democracy
movement

The Parties to the Aarhus Convention opened their second meeting in Almaty, Kazakhstan, on 25 May 2005. The Meeting concluded after three days of deliberation with the adoption of an amendment to the Convention extending the rights of the public to participate in decision-making on genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

Also adopted were Guidelines on how Parties should apply the principles of the Aarhus Convention in other international environment-related forums and Recommendations on electronic information tools to increase public access to environmental information.

The Meeting reviewed the first set of national reports on implementation to see whether and how the goals of the Convention are applied in practice. The reports reveal that the Parties have made important progress in applying the Convention but also that significant obstacles to implementation remain.

In the first test of the Convention's compliance mechanism, the findings of its Compliance Committee that three countries -- Turkmenistan, Ukraine and the host country Kazakhstan -- had failed to comply with certain provisions of the Convention were upheld by the Parties.

The Meeting renewed the mandate of the task force on access to justice, having identified this ‘pillar’ of the Convention as the one posing the greatest challenges.

The Parties extended an invitation to States outside the UNECE region to accede to the Convention and pledged their support for the drawing up of appropriate regional instruments.

A high-level segment, held on 27 May, was chaired by Ms. Aitkul Samakova, Minister of Environmental Protection of Kazakhstan.

See the press release.

New ratifications of the Aarhus Convention
Austria, the European Community and the United Kingdom deposited their instruments of ratification on 17 January 2005, 17 February and 23 February respectively, which brings the number of Parties to the Convention to 35.

See our press release.

2nd meeting of the Working Group on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (PRTRs)
The session reviewed options for rules of procedure and a compliance mechanism to the Protocol and appointed a facilitator to prepare draft elements for these for consideration at its next session.

Participants gave the draft guidance on the Protocol on PRTRs its first reading and agreed to prepare a final version based on the drafts circulated and amended during the session, with the aim of completing the guidance in 2005.

The session also called attention to the need to address the capacity of EECCA countries to implement the Protocol successfully and called for greater outreach to the business sector, which has indirect obligations to report to national PRTRs.

A new “Environmental Democracy” clearinghouse opens Aarhusclearinghouse.unece.org is being launched by the UNECE to highlight and promote awareness of issues covered by the Aarhus Convention. The clearing house showcases good practices in citizens’ environmental rights and is expected to make implementation of the Convention more effective.

See the press release.



2004

UNECE hosts side-event on PRTRs at 4th European Environment and Health Ministerial Conference

“PRTRs Now! How pollutant release and transfer registers can promote pan-European environmental and public health” is the seminar organized by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) on the opening day of the Fourth Ministerial Conference on Environment and Health in Budapest: “The future for our children”.

For more information, see the Working Group on PRTR webpages.

Compliance Committee examines public communications
The Aarhus Convention’s Compliance Committee entered a new phase when it met in Geneva on 13-14 May 2004. For the first time, the Committee began the work of examining communications submitted to it by NGOs alleging non-compliance with the Convention.

So far, five communications have been submitted to the Compliance Committee.

See the press release.

First meeting of the Working Group on Pollutant Release and
Transfer Registers
(PRTRs)
The Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (PRTR) was adopted during the Kiev Ministerial on 21 May 2003. The first meeting of the Working Group on PRTR established according to the resolution of the Signatories to the Protocol was held in Geneva on 16-18 February 2004.

The meeting discussed preparations for the entry into force of the Protocol and its first meeting of the Parties, needs and prospects for capacity-building, technical support, guidance and information exchange, as well as national preparations for ratification and implementation of the Protocol.

2nd Meeting of the Task Force on Electronic Information Tools
The second meeting of the Task Force on Electronic Information
Tools
took place in Geneva on 26-27 January 2004.

3rd Meeting of the Compliance Committee
The 3rd meeting of the Compliance Committee took place on 22-23 January in Geneva.


2003

Aarhus side event at World Summit on the Information Society
The UNECE organised, in the context of the World Summit on the Information Society, a side event on the Aarhus Convention entitled "Information and Communication Technologies for Environmental Democracy".

The event focused on the use of electronic information tools to strengthen environmental rights and their contribution to sustainable development within the framework of good governance, and respect for human rights.

The event provided an opportunity for participants from different regions to exchange perspectives through a round of presentations and a panel discussion. Mrs. Brigita Schmögnerovà, Executive Secretary of the UNECE chaired the discussions.

The event took place on Wednesday, 10 December 2003 at Palexpo Centre in Geneva.

For more information on the World Summit go to http://www.wsisgeneva2003.org/home.html.

Aarhus Convention submission to Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
In April 2003 a resolution on "Human rights and the environment as part of sustainable development" (http://www.unhchr.ch) was adopted by the Commission on Human Rights. It requested the Secretary-General to submit to the Commission at its sixtieth session in spring 2004 a report "on the consideration being given to the possible relationship between the environment and human rights", taking into account the contributions that concerned international organizations and bodies have made.

The activities carried out under the Aarhus Convention are of great relevance to this topic. To a certain extent, the Convention may be said to embody the link between human rights and the environment, being an instrument which on the one hand aims to ensure better protection of the environment, and on the other, attempts to achieve this goal by seeking to guarantee specific rights of individuals.

A submission to the report was made by the secretariat, on behalf of UNECE.

Aarhus Package adopted by European Commission
As the Aarhus Convention marks the second anniversary of its entry into force the European Commission recently adopted three legislative proposals putting the Convention into practice. If the European Commisson's proposals are adopted by the EU, the provisions of the Aarhus Convention will apply in full to the European Union's bodies and institutions.

The Commission is also proposing a directive on access to justice in environmental matters and a decision on ratifying the Aarhus Convention.

Have a look at the EC webpage http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/aarhus/index.htm
and press release.