Real GDP in the developed market economies, 1996-1999
(Percentage change over previous year)
1996 | 1997 | 1998 a | 1999 a | |
Western Europe | 2.0 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.2 |
4 major countries | 1.5 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 1.9 |
France | 1.6 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 2.4 |
Germany | 1.4 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 2.0 |
Italy | 0.7 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.0 |
United Kingdom | 2.6 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 1.0 |
17 smaller countries | 3.1 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 3.0 |
Austria | 1.6 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 2.8 |
Belgium | 1.5 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.4 |
Cyprus | 2.0 | 2.3 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
Denmark | 3.2 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 1.7 |
Finland | 3.6 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 3.5 |
Greece | 2.7 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 3.5 |
Iceland | 5.5 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 4.0 |
Ireland | 7.4 | 9.8 | 7.7 | 6.5 |
Israel | 4.5 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 2.5 |
Luxembourg | 3.0 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.5 |
Malta | 4.2 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
Netherlands | 3.1 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 2.9 |
Norway | 5.5 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 1.9 |
Portugal | 3.2 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 3.0 |
Spain | 2.4 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 3.5 |
Sweden | 1.3 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 2.0 |
Switzerland | 0.0 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.5 |
Turkey | 7.0 | 7.2 | 3.7 | 3.5 |
North America | 3.3 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 2.0 |
Canada | 1.2 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 2.2 |
United States | 3.4 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 2.0 |
Total above | 2.6 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 2.1 |
Japan | 3.9 | 0.9 | -2.5 | 0.2 |
Total above, including Japan | 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 1.8 |
Memorandum items: | ||||
European Union | 1.8 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.2 |
EMU | 1.6 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.4 |
Note: All aggregates exclude Israel.
Basic economic indicators for the ECE transition economies, 1996-1999
(Rates of change and shares, per cent)
GDP (growth rates) | Industrial output (growth rates) | Inflation (per cent change, Dec./Dec.) | Unemployment rate (end of period, per cent) | ||||||||||||
1998 | |||||||||||||||
1996 | 1997 | April official forecast | Jan.-Jun. actual | October official forecast | 1999 official forecast | 1996 | 1997 | Jan.-Jun. 1998 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 a | 1996 | 1997 | Jun. 1998 | |
Eastern Europe | 4.1 | 2.8 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 4 | 6.0 | 5.4 | 4.4 | .. | .. | .. | 11.7 | 12.0 | 11.6 |
Albania | 9.1 | -7.0 | 10 | .. | 8-9 | .. | 13.6 | -5.6 | -3* | 17.4 | 42.0 | 17.9 | 12.3 | 14.9 | 16.5 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina b | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 87.6 | 35.7 | 21.1 | 3.2 | 12.2 | 3.7 | .. | 39* | .. |
Bulgaria | -10.1 | -6.9 | 3.0 | 11.9 | 4.5 | 3.7 | 3.8c | -10.2 | -0.7 | 311.1 | 578.7 | 18.8 | 12.5 | 13.7 | 11.4 |
Croatia | 6.0 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 3.4 | .. | 5 | 3.1 | 6.8 | 5.8 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 15.9 | 17.6 | 16.8 |
Czech Republic | 3.9 | 1.0 | 1.4-2.6 | -1.7 | -1.9 | 0-1 | 2.0 | 4.5 | 6.7 | 8.7 | 9.9 | 12.0 | 3.5 | 5.2 | 5.6 |
Hungary | 1.3 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 5 | 5 | 3.4 | 11.1 | 13.6 | 20.0 | 18.4 | 14.2 | 10.5 | 10.4 | 9.1 |
Poland | 6.1 | 6.9 | 5.6-5.8 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.1 | 8.3 | 10.8 | 8.4 | 18.7 | 13.2 | 12.1 | 13.2 | 10.3 | 9.6 |
Romania | 3.9 | -6.6 | - | -5.2 | -4 | 2-3 | 6.3 | -7.2 | -19.1 | 56.8 | 151.7 | 55.3 | 6.3 | 8.8 | 8.8 |
Slovakia | 6.6 | 6.5 | 5.0 | 6.1 | 6 | .. | 2.4 | 2.7 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 12.8 | 12.5 | 13.5 |
Slovenia | 3.1 | 3.8 | 3.5-4 | 4.8 | 4 | 4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 4.2 | 9.0 | 8.8 | 8.3 | 14.4 | 14.8 | 14.1 |
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia | 0.8 | 1.5 | 5.0 | .. | .. | .. | 3.2 | 1.6 | 10.3 | 0.3 | 4.5 | 2.0 | 39.8 | 42.5 | .. |
Yugoslavia d | 5.9 | 7.4 | 10.0 | .. | 6 | .. | 7.5 | 9.5 | 11.2 | 59.9 | 10.3 | 27.4 | 26.1 | 25.6 | 26.9 |
Baltic states | 4.1 | 7.6 | 6.3 | 7.1 | 5.7 | 6 | 4.6 | 8.3 | 7.3 | .. | .. | .. | 6.4 | 6.3 | 5.9 |
Estonia | 4.0 | 11.4 | 5.5-6 | 7.4 | 6.5-7 | 6 | 2.9 | 13.4 | 8.4 | 15.0 | 12.3 | 10.2 | 5.6 | 4.6 | 4.3 |
Latvia | 3.3 | 6.5 | 5-6 | 6.4 | 5 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 13.8 | 10.1 | 13.2 | 7.0 | 6.1 | 7.2 | 6.7 | 7.2 |
Lithuania | 4.7 | 6.1 | 7.0 | 7.3 | 5.5 | 7 | 5.0 | 0.7 | 3.9 | 13.1 | 8.5 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 5.5 |
CIS | -3.4 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 0.8 | -2.6 | .. | -2.8 | 2.5 | 1.8 | .. | .. | .. | 6.6 | 7.5 | 7.8 |
Armenia | 5.8 | 3.1 | 5-6 | 6.7 | .. | .. | 1.4 | 0.9 | 3.2 | 5.6 | 21.8 | 6.7 | 9.7 | 11.0 | 8.7 |
Azerbaijan | 1.3 | 5.8 | .. | 9.1 | 7 | 9 | -6.7 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 6.8 | 0.3 | -0.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.4 |
Belarus | 2.8 | 10.4 | 7-8 | 12.5 | 10-12 | .. | 3.5 | 18.8 | 13.5 | 39.1 | 63.4 | 41.0 | 4.0 | 2.8 | 2.3 |
Georgia | 11.0 | 11.3 | 11-13 | 8.9 | .. | .. | 7.7 | 8.1 | 0.8 | 13.6 | 7.3 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 2.6 | .. |
Kazakhstan | 0.5 | 2.0 | 3.5 | 1.7 | 2 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 4.0 | 1.1 | 28.6 | 11.3 | 8.0 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 4.0 |
Kyrgyzstan | 7.1 | 9.9 | 3.6 | 5.0 | 3-4 | .. | 8.8 | 50.4 | 23.5 | 35.0 | 14.7 | 12.0 | 4.5 | 3.1 | 3.7 |
Republic of Moldova e | -7.8 | 1.3 | 3-3.5 | -4.7 | -(5-7) | .. | -6.5 | - | 2.3 | 15.1 | 11.1 | 4.3 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 2.0 |
Russian Federation | -3.5 | 0.8 | 0-0.5 | -0.5 | -5 | .. | -4.0 | 1.9 | 0.1 | 21.8 | 11.0 | 6.5 | 10.0 | 11.3 | 11.5 |
Tajikistan | -16.7 | 1.7 | .. | 2.6 | .. | .. | -23.9 | -2.5 | 12.5 | 40.6 | 159.9 | 67.1 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 3.3 |
Turkmenistan | 0.1 | -15* | .. | 3* | .. | .. | 17.9 | -30* | -5* | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Ukraine | -10.0 | -3.2 | 0.5 | 0.2 | -1.5 | 1 | -5.1 | -1.8 | 0.7 | 39.7 | 10.1 | 7.7 | 1.5 | 2.8 | 3.4 |
Uzbekistan | 1.7 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 4.0 | .. | .. | 6.0 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 80.0 | 27.5 | .. | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Total above | -0.4 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 2.1 | - | .. | 0.3 | 3.6 | 2.8 | .. | .. | .. | 8.1 | 8.8 | 8.9 |
Memorandum items: | |||||||||||||||
CETE-5 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.6 | .. | 6.1 | 8.9 | 8.3 | .. | .. | .. | 11.2 | 9.8 | 9.3 |
SETE-7 | 2.1 | -2.9 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 0.6 | .. | 5.7 | -3.9 | -7.3 | .. | .. | .. | 12.5 | 14.3 | 14.2 |
Ex-GDR Lander | 3.2 | 1.7 | .. | 1.8 | .. | .. | 4.3 | 5.0 | 8.6 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
International trade and external balances of the ECE transition economies, 1996-1998
(Rates of change and shares, per cent)
Merchandise exports in dollars (growth rates) | Merchandise imports in dollars (growth rates) | Trade balances (per cent of GDP) | Current account (per cent of GDP) | |||||||||
1996 | 1997 | Jan.-Jun. 1998 | 1996 | 1997 | Jan.-Jun. 1998 | 1996 | 1997 | Jan.-Jun. 1998 | 1996 | 1997 | Jan.-Jun. 1998 | |
Eastern Europe | 2.3 | 6.2 | 10.4 | 14.3 | 6.3 | 7.7 | -9.8 | -10.5 | -8.9 | -3.8 | -4.3 | -4.1 |
Albania | 5.3 | -33.5 | 56.4 | 40.5 | -32.1 | 91.7 | -26.0 | -21.1 | -18.3 | -4.0 | -12.0 | -3.8 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 141.6 | 87.4 | 36.3 | 129.9 | 29.2 | -42.0 | -41.3 | -43.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Bulgaria | -8.5 | 0.5 | -9.3 | -10.0 | -3.7 | 5.4 | -1.9 | 0.3 | -2.9 | 0.2 | 4.1 | 0.5 |
Croatia | -2.6 | -7.6 | 0.1 | 3.7 | 16.9 | -2.3 | -16.6 | -25.3 | -19.2 | -4.3 | -12.5 | -12.4 |
Czech Republic | 1.2 | 4.0 | 15.8 | 9.7 | -2.0 | 2.3 | -10.3 | -8.4 | -3.6 | -7.6 | -6.1 | -1.7 |
Hungary | 2.2 | 21.6 | 23.4 | 4.8 | 17.0 | 20.9 | -5.4 | -4.8 | -5.5 | -3.7 | -2.2 | -3.8 |
Poland | 6.8 | 5.4 | 7.5 | 27.9 | 13.9 | 10.3 | -9.4 | -12.2 | -11.8 | -1.0 | -3.1 | -3.4 |
Romania | 2.2 | 4.3 | -1.3 | 11.3 | -1.4 | 3.9 | -9.5 | -8.2 | -5.5 | -7.3 | -6.7 | -4.8 |
Slovakia | 2.8 | 0.2 | .. | 26.6 | -8.0 | .. | -12.2 | -7.1 | -11.0 | -11.2 | -6.9 | -11.0 |
Slovenia | -0.1 | 0.8 | 6.1 | -0.7 | -0.7 | 4.3 | -5.9 | -5.5 | -6.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | -1.1 |
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia | -4.7 | 2.8 | 11.3 | -5.4 | 7.8 | 13.1 | -12.2 | -17.3 | -16.4 | -7.3 | -8.3 | -10.0 |
Yugoslavia | 20.6 | 28.7 | 6.8 | 54.3 | 16.7 | 4.5 | -14.2 | -13.4 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Baltic states | 17.6 | 23.0 | 13.6 | 26.3 | 26.7 | 16.8 | -18.6 | -22.0 | -21.7 | -8.2 | -9.5 | -9.8 |
Estonia | 13.2 | 40.9 | 16.9 | 27.2 | 37.5 | 16.8 | -26.4 | -32.3 | -30.0 | -9.7 | -12.0 | -7.8 |
Latvia | 10.7 | 15.9 | 19.2 | 27.6 | 17.4 | 24.6 | -17.1 | -19.0 | -19.6 | -5.4 | -6.2 | -7.1 |
Lithuania | 24.0 | 15.1 | 8.7 | 24.9 | 23.8 | 13.2 | -15.3 | -18.6 | -18.7 | -9.2 | -10.2 | -12.3 |
CIS | 10.2 | 1.8 | -12.4 | 5.9 | 18.7 | 10.8 | 6.9 | 5.2 | 3.3 | 1.2 | -0.6 | .. |
Armenia | 60.6 | -15.0 | 12.2 | 70.0 | 2.6 | 11.9 | -26.1 | -28.1 | -24.2 | -18.3 | -18.8 | .. |
Azerbaijan | -3.1 | 18.1 | -50.2 | 41.4 | -28.6 | 42.9 | -8.8 | -1.0 | -8.7 | -29.2 | -23.7 | .. |
Belarus | 6.3 | 1.8 | -10.6 | 25.6 | 21.2 | 23.8 | -3.5 | -7.2 | -9.6 | -3.8 | -6.1 | -7.6 |
Georgia | 21.2 | 45.1 | 26.3 | 79.5 | 44.1 | 35.2 | -8.2 | -10.1 | .. | -6.6 | -7.0 | .. |
Kazakhstan | 15.7 | 28.4 | -3.1 | 12.3 | 51.9 | 21.1 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 4.8 | -3.6 | -4.1 | .. |
Kyrgyzstan | -20.0 | 154.5 | 14.1 | 107.6 | -21.9 | 77.1 | -13.4 | 0.6 | -3.6 | -23.7 | -7.8 | .. |
Republic of Moldova | -9.7 | 6.0 | -12.6 | 54.5 | 35.0 | 32.8 | -10.1 | -16.0 | -26.9 | -11.3 | -15.8 | -18.7 |
Russian Federation | 8.7 | -1.2 | -14.6 | -4.9 | 23.3 | 16.2 | 8.6 | 6.4 | 4.1 | 2.7 | 0.6 | -3.1 |
Tajikistan | -11.6 | 7.7 | -16.8 | -13.9 | -6.2 | -24.1 | 14.6 | 22.2 | .. | -7.0 | -5.4 | .. |
Turkmenistan | -42.1 | -45.5 | 24.7 | 49.3 | -42.5 | 16.7 | -22.8 | -9.1 | .. | 2.7 | -23.4 | .. |
Ukraine | 13.4 | 23.6 | -4.4 | 17.1 | 12.7 | -6.3 | 1.3 | 2.8 | 3.3 | -2.7 | -2.7 | -3.7 |
Uzbekistan a | 94.0 | -4.4 | 0.8 | 96.0 | 1.9 | -34.5 | 0.9 | -0.5 | .. | -7.8 | -3.9 | .. |
Total above | 6.3 | 4.9 | 0.3 | 12.6 | 10.5 | 9.1 | -0.1 | -1.3 | -2.6 | -0.9 | -2.1 | -3.8 |
Memorandum items: | ||||||||||||
CETE-5 | 3.1 | 7.1 | 13.7 | 15.4 | 6.5 | 9.7 | -8.9 | -9.4 | -8.8 | -3.4 | -3.6 | -3.5 |
SETE-7 | -0.6 | 2.5 | -1.0 | 8.7 | 4.8 | 4.1 | -11.3 | -12.5 | -8.9 | -5.4 | -6.8 | -6.2 |
Trade balances of the ECE transition economies, 1993-1998
January-June | |||||||
1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1997 | 1998 | |
Eastern Europe a | |||||||
World | -13.6 | -12.1 | -19.9 | -32.0 | -33.7 | -16.3 | -16.8 |
ECE transition economies | -3.8 | -2.0 | -3.2 | -4.1 | -2.2 | -1.8 | -0.7 |
Developed market economies | -10.5 | -9.8 | -15.1 | -24.0 | -25.8 | -12.1 | -12.7 |
European Union | -5.6 | -5.9 | -10.6 | -18.1 | -18.8 | -8.7 | -9.1 |
Developing countries | 0.7 | -0.3 | -1.5 | -3.9 | -5.7 | -2.4 | -3.4 |
Baltic states b | |||||||
World | -0.3 | -0.9 | -2.2 | -3.2 | -4.3 | -2.0 | -2.4 |
ECE transition economies | 0.1 | - | -0.5 | -0.3 | -0.3 | -0.2 | -0.2 |
Developed market economies | -0.3 | -0.8 | -1.6 | -2.7 | -3.7 | -1.6 | -2.1 |
European Union | -0.1 | -0.4 | -1.4 | -2.4 | -3.2 | -1.3 | -1.8 |
Developing countries | -0.1 | -0.1 | -0.1 | -0.2 | -0.3 | -0.2 | -0.1 |
Russian Federation c | |||||||
World | 17.5 | 24.6 | 31.5 | 39.1 | 32.1 | 16.9 | 8.7 |
Intra-CIS | .. | 3.8 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 0.7 |
Non-CIS countries | 17.5 | 20.9 | 30.6 | 37.7 | 29.6 | 15.4 | 8.0 |
ECE transition economies | 5.3 | 4.3 | 5.5 | 8.6 | 8.0 | 4.3 | 2.9 |
Eastern Europe d | 4.6d | 3.3 | 4.3 | 6.6 | 5.9 | 3.3 | 2.2 |
Developed market economies | 10.2 | 12.8 | 15.6 | 18.8 | 13.6 | 7.3 | 3.2 |
European Union | 8.4 | 6.9 | 8.4 | 11.5 | 8.4 | 5.0 | 1.6 |
Developing countries | 2.0 | 3.8 | 9.4 | 10.3 | 8.0 | 3.9 | 1.9 |
Other CIS countries e | |||||||
World | .. | -1.3 | -2.1 | -4.3 | -4.4 | -2.1 | -2.9 |
Intra-CIS | .. | -2.6 | -4.0 | -4.2 | -5.1 | -2.9 | -2.5 |
Non-CIS countries | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.8 | -0.1 | 0.7 | 0.7 | -0.4 |
ECE transition economies | .. | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | -0.5 | .. | .. |
Eastern Europe | .. | 0.2 | -0.2 | -0.1 | -0.3 | .. | .. |
Developed market economies | .. | -0.6 | -0.7 | -2.5 | -2.8 | .. | .. |
European Union | .. | -0.3 | -0.6 | -1.7 | -2.2 | .. | .. |
Developing countries | .. | 1.5 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 4.0 | .. | .. |
d Excludes the former SFR of Yugoslavia in 1993.
Current account balances of eastern Europe, the Baltic states and the CIS, 1995-1998
(Million dollars and per cent)
Per cent of GDP | |||||||||||
January-June | January-June | ||||||||||
1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1997 | 1998 | 1998 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1997 | 1998 | |
Eastern Europe a | -1 090 | -13 189 | -14 618 | -8 692 | -7 751 | .. | -0.3 | -3.8 | -4.3 | -5.1 | -4.1 |
Albania | -15 | -107 | -271 | -61 | -58 | .. | -0.6 | -4.0 | -12.0 | -5.4 | -3.8 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | -193 | -748 | -1 046 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Bulgaria | -26 | 16 | 416 | 235 | 28 | .. | -0.2 | 0.2 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 0.5 |
Croatia b | -1 283 | -858 | -2 434 | -1 360 | -1 250 | .. | -6.8 | -4.3 | -12.5 | -13.9 | -12.4 |
Czech Republic | -1 369 | -4 292 | -3 156 | -1 905 | -454 | .. | -2.7 | -7.6 | -6.1 | -7.3 | -1.7 |
Hungary c | -2 480 | -1 678 | -981 | -763 | -905 | -961d | -5.6 | -3.7 | -2.2 | -3.4 | -3.8 |
Poland c | 5 455 | -1 352 | -4 268 | -2 728 | -2 574 | -2 481d | 4.6 | -1.0 | -3.1 | -4.0 | -3.4 |
Romania | -1 774 | -2 571 | -2 338 | -864 | -1 181 | .. | -5.0 | -7.3 | -6.7 | -5.0 | -4.8 |
Slovakia | 646 | -2 098 | -1 347 | -1 006 | -1 095 | -1 240e | 3.7 | -11.2 | -6.9 | -10.3 | -11.0 |
Slovenia | -23 | 39 | 37 | -94 | -103 | -72d | -0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | -1.0 | -1.1 |
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia | -222 | -288 | -275 | -146 | -159 | .. | -5.5 | -7.3 | -8.3 | -8.8 | -10.0 |
Baltic states | -816 | -1 425 | -1 889 | -808 | -1 106 | .. | -5.8 | -8.2 | -9.5 | -8.2 | -9.8 |
Estonia | -185 | -423 | -563 | -224 | -214 | .. | -5.2 | -9.7 | -12.0 | -9.6 | -7.8 |
Latvia | -16 | -279 | -345 | -149 | -217 | .. | -0.4 | -5.4 | -6.2 | -5.4 | -7.1 |
Lithuania | -614 | -723 | -981 | -435 | -676 | .. | -10.2 | -9.2 | -10.2 | -9.1 | -12.3 |
European CIS | 6 123 | 10 207 | 492 | 2 097 | -7 656 | .. | 1.5 | 2.0 | 0.1 | 0.8 | -3.4 |
Belarus | -567 | -516 | -799 | -420 | -584 | .. | -5.5 | -3.8 | -6.1 | -6.4 | -7.6 |
Republic of Moldova | -95 | -188 | -296 | -166 | -176 | .. | -6.6 | -11.3 | -15.8 | -17.8 | -18.7 |
Russian Federation | 7 938 | 12 096 | 2 921 | 3 705 | -6 004 | .. | 2.2 | 2.7 | 0.6 | 1.6 | -3.1 |
Ukraine | -1 152 | -1185 | -1 335 | -1 022 | -892 | .. | -3.1 | -2.7 | -2.7 | -4.1 | -3.7 |
Total above | 4 218 | -4 408 | -16 015 | -7 403 | -16 513 | .. | 0.6 | -0.5 | -1.8 | -1.7 | -3.8 |
Asian CIS | -1 729 | -3 778 | -3 833 | .. | .. | .. | -4.3 | -7.8 | -7.3 | .. | .. |
Armenia | -279 | -291 | -305 | -156 | .. | .. | -21.7 | -18.3 | -18.8 | -19.3 | .. |
Azerbaijan | -401 | -931 | -916 | -429 | .. | .. | -16.6 | -29.2 | -23.7 | -22.2 | .. |
Georgia | -218 | -277 | -347 | .. | .. | .. | -7.6 | -6.6 | -7.0 | .. | .. |
Kazakhstan | -518 | -750 | -909 | .. | .. | .. | -3.1 | -3.6 | -4.1 | .. | .. |
Kyrgyzstan | -233 | -423 | -137 | -63 | .. | .. | -15.7 | -23.7 | -7.8 | -7.1 | .. |
Tajikistan | -54 | -74 | -50 | -24 | .. | .. | -11.6 | -7.0 | -5.4 | -5.2 | .. |
Turkmenistan | 24 | 43 | -596 | -45 | .. | .. | 0.5 | 2.7 | -23.4 | -3.5 | .. |
Uzbekistan | -49 | -1 075 | -573 | .. | .. | .. | -0.5 | -7.8 | -3.9 | .. | .. |
a Eastern Europe aggregate excludes Bosnia and Herzegovina.
b Data have been revised for 1995-1997.
c Convertible currencies: Hungary 1995 only and Poland 1995-1996.